2025-01-1920230146-959210.1364/OL.4987972-s2.0-85169533170https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.498797https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/26529We report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, a continuous wave trivalent thulium ion (Tm3+)-doped bulk glass near 2.3 mu m. In the experiments, a bulk Tm3+- doped tellurite glass with the stoichiometric composition of 74TeO2-12ZnO-4La2O3-10Na2O (Tm3+:TZLN) was used. Lasing operation was achieved by using an x-fold cavity at the free-running wavelength of 2303 nm. The maximum slope efficiency of 6.2% was obtained with respect to the absorbed pump power with a 1% transmitting output coupler. In this case, as high as 100-mW output power was generated with 2.2 W of absorbed pump power. Continuous, broad tuning was achieved from 2233 nm to 2400 nm. The excitation spectrum of the laser was also investigated and 2.3-mu m lasing was obtained by varying the pump wavelength over the 773-809-nm range. The absorption cross section was determined to be 4.4 x 10-21 cm2, based on open-aperture z-scan measurement. By using the laser efficiency data, the emission cross section of the Tm3+:TZLN glass was further determined to be 1.3 x 10-20 cm2 at 2.3 mu m.(c) 2023 Optica Publishing GroupOpticsJournal Article1539-47941083559100010Q150964