2024-11-0920180042-113810.1159/0004812662-s2.0-85040068111http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000481266https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/10955Introduction: To evaluate the pathological outcomes of Turkish men meeting the criteria for Active Surveillance (AS), who elected to undergo immediate radical prostatectomy (RP). Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis including 1,212 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) who met the eligibility criteria for AS. The primary outcomes were pathological upstaging and pathological upgrading. Results: Nine hundred ninety-one patients were eligible for analysis after the central review of the submitted data. The mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 6.89 (0.51-15) ng/mL and the mean biopsy core number was 12 (8-47). The mean tumor positive core on final biopsy pathology was 1.95 (1-6) (16.6% [2.1-33.3%]). Overall, 30.6% of the men experienced a Gleason sum (GS) upgrade and 13.2% had pathological upstaging. For GS upgrade, the percentage of tumor-positive cores and free-to-total-PSA ratio were significant both in univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables predicting pathological upstaging were percentage of tumor-positive cores and PSA density, which were significant in univariate analysis. However, only PSA density was significant in multivariate logistic regression. Although biochemical recurrence-free survival was longer in patients without GS upgrade, it was not statistically significant between patients with and without any GS upgrade (mean 133.7 vs. 148.2 months, p = 0.243). A similar observation was made for patients with or without pathological upstaging (mean 117.1 vs. 148.3 months, p = 0.190). Conclusions: Upgrading and upstaging at RP are quite common among Turkish men with clinically low-risk PCa, who are candidates for AS, and a great majority of them experienced long-term PSA control. (c) 2017 S. Karger AG, BaselUrology and nephrologyJournal Article1423-0399423837100007Q411952