First ketamine-induced ulcerative cystitis cases from Türkiye: clinical course, histopathological and radiological findings in young female patients

Abstract

Ketamine-induced ulcerative cystitis (KIC) is an emerging urological disorder associated with recreational ketamine use, characterized by inflammation, bladder wall hypertrophy, and involvement of the upper urinary tract. We report two female patients with ketamine-related ulcerative cystitis. The first case represented advanced-stage KIC, with findings including hydronephrosis, bladder fibrosis, and impaired renal function. In contrast, the second case presented at an early stage with clinical and radiological findings that were reversible after complete cessation of ketamine use. Histopathological examination in both cases revealed ulceration, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis. Radiological and cystoscopic findings closely correlated with disease severity. Early recognition of KIC and strict cessation of ketamine use are crucial to prevent irreversible bladder damage and progressive renal deterioration.