Quality of life and factors affecting glycemic control in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood and has a significant impact on children's quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the quality of life and glycemic control of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinics of three hospitals in Turkey between January 2023 and January 2024. The descriptive information form, clinical data including blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were obtained from medical records, and Pediatric Quality of Life Scale (PedsQL) were used as data collection tools. Results: A total of 217 adolescents (average age = 14) participated in the study. The mean PedsQL total score was 43.8 ± 14.6. Scale scores were significantly affected by factors such as HbA1c level (p = 0.000), regular physical activity (p = 0.016), carbohydrate counting (p = 0.018), sharing diabetes with friends (p = 0.019), and education level (p = 0.008). Scale score was found to be lower in individuals with HbA1c ≥ 7.5. Conclusion: The quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes is affected by multidimensional factors, including not only glycemic control but also individual education, social support, and physical activity. Therefore, a holistic care model should be developed.