RIS Size Determination Across Frequencies and Deployment Scenarios: A Simulation-Based Study

Abstract

Despite the growing interest in the integration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) into next-generation wireless communications systems, a critical gap remains in understanding what the dimensions of an RIS must be to provide meaningful performance gains across realistic deployment scenarios. This paper addresses this challenge by presenting a practical and scenario-aware methodology for determining optimal RIS dimensions, tailored to specific frequency bands, environments, and use cases. Leveraging a realistic simulation model that incorporates angular scattering characteristics, practical network node locations, and propagation constraints, we evaluate the RIS-assisted performance in a diverse set of configurations. For selected use-cases, we quantify key performance indicators such as average signal-to-noise ratio and outage probability, and we demonstrate how RIS size impacts system reliability. Our findings show that RIS deployment effectiveness is highly sensitive to both physical size and geometric placement, and that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. The proposed framework, supported by detailed use case tables and validated through comprehensive simulations, offers design guidelines for operators and vendors seeking to deploy RIS in practical wireless network settings. © 2025 University of Split, FESB.