Optical transitions of Tm3+ions for amplifiers: how the local structure works in (1 - x)TEO2+ (x)m (where m = LICI, CDCI2, WO3) glass

Abstract

Tm3+ doped glass is one of the most studied systems towards the achievement of compact blue upconversion lasers as well as fiber amplifiers in the telecommunication networks both at 1.5 μm and 1.8 μm due to its radiative emissions at 470 nm, 1.45 μm and 1.8 μm.1,2 These emissions corresponds to the 1G4 ≥ 3H6, 3f4 ≥ 3H4 and, 3H4 ≥ 3h6, transitions upon excitation into either 3F3 or 3F4 levels, respectively.