Paravalvular leaks: one size (or shape) doesn't always fit all?

Abstract

Paravalvular leak (PVL) remains as uncommon but serious complication after surgical prosthetic valve implantation. PVL when associated which congestive heart failure, hemolytic anemia, or infective endocarditis may require percutaneous treatment. High-surgical risk is common in this population. Dedicated PVL devices are lacking often limiting optimal treatment.