Radiological assessment of the shoulder region

Abstract

Imaging plays a key role in the assessment of shoulder problems. Given the wide array of radiological options at the clinician's disposal, selection of proper imaging modalities at different levels or types of shoulder abnormalities may be challenging. We aim in this article to review the various imaging techniques that are available for the evaluation of shoulder problems and to highlight the key points in choosing the relevant imaging examinations. We also mention some of the radiological findings encountered in patients with shoulder problems. Cervical spinal abnormalities, which may sometimes present with shoulder problems, and their imaging assessments are beyond the scope of this review. In many cases, close collaboration with imaging experts is essential in deciding on the imaging approach to shoulder problems in a timely and cost-effective manner. Nevertheless, some imaging algorithms are available for common problems related to the shoulder region.