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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/3
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Publication Metadata only Exploring emotions through co-speech gestures: the caveats and new directions(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2024) Aslan, Zeynep; Özer, Demet; Department of Psychology; Göksun, Tilbe; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesCo-speech hand gestures offer a rich avenue for research into studying emotion communication because they serve as both prominent expressive bodily cues and an integral part of language. Despite such a strategic relevance, gesture-speech integration and interaction have received less research focus on its emotional function compared to its cognitive function. This review aims to shed light on the current state of the field regarding the interplay between co-speech hand gestures and emotions, focusing specifically on the role of gestures in expressing and understanding both others’ and one's own emotions. The article concludes by addressing current limitations in the field and proposing future directions for researchers investigating gesture-emotion interaction. Our goal is to provide a roadmap to researchers in their exploration of the role of gestures in emotions, ultimately contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of how gestures and emotions intersect.Publication Metadata only Complementing the united states household food security survey module with items reflecting social unacceptability(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Frongillo, Edward A; Bethancourt, Hilary J; Norcini Pala, Andrea; Maya, Sigal; Wu, Katherine C; Kizer, Jorge R; Tien, Phyllis C; Kempf, Mirjam-Colette; Hanna, David B; Appleton, Allison A; Merenstein, Daniel; D'Souza, Gypsyamber; Ofotokun, Igho; Konkle-Parker, Deborah; Michos, Erin D; Krier, Sarah; Stosor, Valentina; Weiser, Sheri D; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesBackground: Social unacceptability of food access is part of the lived experience of food insecurity but is not assessed as part of the United States Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM). Objectives: The objectives were as follows: 1) to determine the psychometric properties of 2 additional items on social unacceptability in relation to the HFSSM items and 2) to test whether these 2 items provided added predictive accuracy to that of the HFSSM items for mental health outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional data used were from the Intersection of Material-Need Insecurities and HIV and Cardiovascular Health substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study. Data on the 10-item HFSSM and 2 new items reflecting social unacceptability were collected between Fall 2020 and Fall 2021 from 1342 participants from 10 United States cities. The 2 social unacceptability items were examined psychometrically in relation to the HFSSM-10 items using models from item response theory. Linear and logistic regression was used to examine prediction of mental health measured by the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. Results: The social unacceptability items were affirmed throughout the range of severity of food insecurity but with increasing frequency at higher severity of food insecurity. From item response theory models, the subconstructs reflected in the HFSSM-10 and the subconstruct of social unacceptability were distinct, not falling into one dimension. Regression models confirmed that social unacceptability was distinct from the subconstructs reflected in the HFSSM-10. The social unacceptability items as a separate scale explained more (∼1%) variation in mental health than when combined with the HFSSM-10 items in a single scale, and the social unacceptability subconstruct explained more (∼1%) variation in mental health not explained by the HFSSM-10. Conclusions: Two social unacceptability items used as a separate scale along with the HFSSM-10 predicted mental health more accurately than did the HFSSM-10 alone.Publication Metadata only Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the multidimensional psychological flexibility inventory- persian (MPFI-P): an extensive investigation of long and short versions in community and clinical samples(Elsevier, 2024) Hekmati, Issa; Ciarrochi, Joseph; Laghaei, Marziyeh; Golezani, Hamed Rezaei; Department of Psychology; Abdollahpour Ranjbar, Hamed; Eskin, Mehmet; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesAcceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is evidence-based, transdiagnostic psychotherapy that seeks to increase values-consistent behavior and advances mental health by promoting psychological flexibility (PF) and diminishing psychological inflexibility (PI). PF implies a person's ability to cope with, accept, and adjust to challenging circumstances, whereas PI denotes the inflexible dominance of psychological responses in steering behavior over selected values and contingencies. The Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventories (MPFI-60-24) have been established to cover all six factors of PF and six factors of PI at once. Still, these measures have yet to be validated in a Persian sample and this study seeks to validate the Persian versions of MPFI. We evaluated long and short versions of the MPFI in a Persian sample of 1270 (83% females, ages 18 through 57), divided into two groups, a healthy community group (n = 886) and a clinical group (n = 391). The MPFIs' psychometric properties, including criterion validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance, were investigated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that a 12-factor model had a good fit to the data for the long version (CFI = .92) and a very good fit (CFI = .98) for the short version. Regarding higher-order models, two-factor second-order model indices for long-form were adequate (CFI = .92), and for short-form, they were good (CFI = .96). All 12 subscales demonstrated sufficient reliability. Measurement invariance for gender and mental health state was observed, as well as good internal consistency and adequate criterion validity with psychological distress markers (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). PI was more strongly related to psychological distress than PF. Persian versions of the MPFI are reliable instruments for indexing PF and PI in both genders as well as in community and clinical samples.Publication Metadata only How does poverty stigma affect depression symptoms for women living with HIV? longitudinal mediating and moderating mechanisms(Springer, 2023) Kempf, Mirjam-Colette; Konkle-Parker, Deborah; Wilson, Tracey E.; Tien, Phyllis C.; Wingood, Gina; Neilands, Torsten B.; Johnson, Mallory O.; Logie, Carmen H.; Weiser, Sheri D.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Turan, Janet Molzan; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; School of MedicineIn a sample of women living with HIV, we examined whether individual traits fear of negative evaluation and resilience moderate the internalization of poverty stigma that these women experience from others. We also examined the downstream effects of these processes on depression symptoms using moderated serial mediation analyses. Data were collected annually for 4 years (2016-2020; T1, T2, T3, and T4) from 369 women living with HIV at 4 US cities using validated measures. Moderation effects were evaluated examining simple slopes at one standard deviation above and below the mean of the moderator. In all mediation analyses utilizing bootstrapping, we used the independent variable measured at T1, the mediators measured at subsequent visits (T2 and T3), and the outcome at the last visit (T4) to preserve the temporal sequence among the independent variable, mediators, and outcome variable. We also adjusted for T1 values of all mediators and outcome variables in analyses. Women with stronger fears of negative evaluation by others or lower dispositional resilience had stronger associations between experienced poverty stigma and internalized poverty stigma. Internalized poverty stigma (T2) mediated the association between experienced poverty stigma (T1) and depression symptoms (T4); this mediated association was moderated by fear of negative evaluation and resilience (T1). Finally, internalized poverty stigma (T2) and avoidance coping (T3) were serial mediators in the association between experienced poverty stigma (T1) and depression symptoms (T4), moderated by fear of negative evaluation and resilience. Understanding factors that minimize internalization of stigma and buffer its negative effects on mental health can inform interventions to improve health outcomes of individuals with stigmatized conditions.Publication Metadata only Internalized HIV-related stigma and neurocognitive functioning among women living with HIV(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2022) Thompson, Emma C.; Muhammad, Josh N.; Adimora, Adoara A.; Chandran, Aruna; Cohen, Mardge H.; Crockett, Kaylee B.; Goparaju, Lakshmi; Henderson, Emmett; Kempf, Mirjam-Colette; Konkle-Parker, Deborah; Kwait, Jennafer; Mimiaga, Matthew; Ofotokun, Igho; Rubin, Leah; Sharma, Anjala; Teplin, Linda A.; Vance, David E.; Weiser, Sheri D.; Weiss, Deborah J.; Wilson, Tracey E.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThe prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment persists despite highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this study we explore the role of internalized stigma, acceptance of negative societal characterizations, and perceptions about people living with HIV (PLWH) on neurocognitive functioning (executive function, learning, memory, attention/working memory, psychomotor speed, fluency, motor skills) in a national cohort of women living with HIV (WLWH) in the United States. We utilized observational data from a multicenter study of WLWH who are mostly African American living in low-resource settings. Neurocognitive function was measured using an eight-test battery. A multiple linear regression model was constructed to investigate the relationship between internalized stigma and overall neurocognitive functioning (mean of all neurocognitive domain standardized T-scores), adjusting for age, education, race, previous neuropsychological battery scores, illicit drug use, viral load, and years on ART. Our analysis revealed that internalized HIV-related stigma is significantly associated with worse performance on individual domain tests and overall neurocognitive performance (B=0.27, t=2.50, p=0.01). This suggests HIV-related internalized stigma may be negatively associated with neurocognitive functioning for WLWH. This finding highlights a specific psychosocial factor associated with poor neurocognitive function that may be targeted to better promote the health of PLWH. Future research on the longitudinal relationship between these variables and the effects of other stigma dimensions on poor neurocognitive function would provide further insights into the pathways explaining the relationship between internalized stigma and neurocognition.Publication Metadata only T-cell activation state differentially contributes to neuropsychiatric complications in women with HIV(Elsevier, 2022) Williams, Dionna W.; Flores, Bianca R.; Xu, Yanxun; Wang, Yuezhe; Yu, Danyang; Peters, Brandilyn A.; Adedimeji, Adebola; Wilson, Tracey E.; Merenstein, Daniel; Tien, Phyllis C.; Cohen, Mardge H.; Weber, Kathleen M.; Adimora, Adaora A.; Ofotokun, Igho; Fischl, Margaret; Turan, Janet; Laumet, Geoffroy; Landay, Alan L.; Dastgheyb, Raha M.; Gange, Stephen J.; Weiser, Sheri D.; Rubin, Leah H.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesNeuropsychiatric complications are common among women with HIV (WWH). The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these complications are not fully known but likely driven in part by immune modulation. We examined associations between T-cell activation states which are required to mount an effective immune response (activation, co-stimulation/normal function, exhaustion, senescence) and neuropsychiatric complications in WWH. 369 WWH (78% HIV RNA undetectable/<20cp/mL) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed neuropsychological testing and measures of depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-CES-D), self-reported stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale-10), and post-traumatic stress (PTSD Checklist-Civilian Scale). Multiparametric flow cytometry evaluated T-cell activation state. Partial least squares regressions were used to examine T-cell phenotypes and neuropsychiatric outcome associations after confounder adjustment. In the total sample and among virally suppressed (VS)-WWH, CD4(+) T-cell exhaustion was associated with poorer learning and attention/working memory (P's < 0.05). In the total sample, CD4(+) T-cell activation was associated with better attention/working memory and CD8(+) T-cell co-stimulation and senescence was associated with poorer executive function (P's < 0.05). For mental health outcomes, in the total sample, CD4(+) T-cell activation was associated with more perceived stress and CD4(+) T-cell exhaustion was associated with less depressive symptoms (P's < 0.05). Among VS-WWH, CD4(+) senescence was associated with less perceive stress and CD8(+) T-cell co-stimulation and senescence was associated with higher depression (P's < 0.05). Together, results suggest the contribution of peripheral CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell activation status to neuropsychiatric complications in WWH.Publication Metadata only A Bayesian network analysis to examine the effects of HIV stigma processes on self-concept and depressive symptoms among persons living with HIV(Wiley, 2024) Pala, Andrea Norcini; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesObjective: This study examines the relationships between HIV stigma dimensions, self-related mechanisms, and depressive symptoms among persons living with HIV. Background: HIV stigma hinders the well-being of individuals living with HIV, which is linked to depressive symptoms and increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying stigma's impact on depression are poorly understood. Psychosocial theories propose that experiencing HIV stigma leads to internalized stigma, impacting self-concept and mental health. Method: Using Bayesian network analysis, we explored associations among HIV stigma processes (experienced, anticipated, internalized, perceived community stigma, and HIV status disclosure) and self-related mechanisms (self-esteem, fear of negative evaluation [FNE], self-blame coping, and social exclusion), and depressive symptoms. Results: Our diverse sample of 204 individuals, primarily men, gay/bisexual, Black, and lower-middle SES, who experienced stigma showed increased anticipated, internalized, and perceived community stigma, FNE, and depressive symptoms. Internalized stigma contributed to self-blame coping and higher depressive symptoms. Anticipated and perceived community stigma and FNE correlated with increased social exclusion. Discussion: This study investigates potential mechanisms through which HIV stigma may impact depression. Identifying these mechanisms establishes a foundation for future research to inform targeted interventions, enhancing mental health and HIV outcomes among individuals living with HIV, especially from minority backgrounds. Insights gained guide evidence-based interventions to mitigate HIV stigma's detrimental effects, ultimately improving overall well-being and health-related outcomes for people with HIV.Publication Metadata only Development and preliminary validation of the PrEP empowerment scale(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2023) Crockett, Kaylee B.; Batey, D. Scott; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesInformed by the Health Care Empowerment Model, a measure of PrEP Empowerment was developed and assessed for preliminary reliability and validity. Participants (N = 100) were invited to complete a survey during regular clinic visits. A subset (n = 84) volunteered to provide blood samples to assess plasma tenofovir (TFV) levels for recent PrEP adherence. A five-factor measure explained 70% of the total variance. Associations with internalized PrEP stigma, PrEP adherence self-efficacy, and plasma TFV were assessed. Results supported the multidimensional nature of PrEP Empowerment and reliability and validity. Additional research is needed in populations with varying PrEP experience and greater gender and ethnic representation.Publication Metadata only The relationship between HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis stigma and treatment adherence among current HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis users in the Southeastern US(Springer, 2023) Van Gerwen, Olivia T.; Yigit, Ibrahim; Crockett, Kaylee B.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesDespite efficacy in HIV prevention, Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is underutilized in the US, especially among populations at highest risk. PrEP-related stigma may play a role. We developed measures of PrEP-related stigma dimensions and PrEP adherence. We administered them to current PrEP users. We hypothesized that PrEP-related stigma would negatively impact PrEP adherence. Questionnaire measures were developed using data from previous qualitative work and existing validated HIV-related stigma measures. The resultant survey was administered to current PrEP users from two Birmingham, Alabama PrEP clinics. Plasma tenofovir disoproxil fumarate levels were collected to measure PrEP adherence. Exploratory factor analyses were performed to determine the factor structure of each PrEP-related stigma dimension (internalized, perceived, experienced, anticipated, disclosure concerns). Separate binary logistic (or linear) regressions were performed to assess associations between PrEP-related stigma dimensions and adherence (treatment adherence self-efficacy, self-reported adherence, and plasma tenofovir levels), adjusting for education, race, and time on PrEP. In 2018, 100 participants completed the survey, with 91 identifying as male and 66 as white. Only internalized stigma was associated with lower self-reported PrEP adherence. Exploratory mediation analyses suggested that the association between all stigma dimensions and self-reported PrEP adherence is mediated by PrEP adherence self-efficacy. No associations were found between any PrEP-related stigma measures and plasma tenofovir levels. Internalized PrEP stigma may reduce PrEP adherence, possibly by reducing PrEP adherence self-efficacy among experienced PrEP users. Further investigation of how stigma dimensions affect PrEP adherence in populations at risk for HIV may shed light on drivers of PrEP underutilization.Publication Metadata only Vertical individualism orientations and mental health stigma: the mediating role of belief in free will(Springer, 2023) Ozkok, Hazal; Altan-Atalay, Ayse; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Özkök, Maide Hazal; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesEven though the stigma related to mental health is widespread, stigma related to suicide and substance use are less researched areas. This study investigates whether belief in free will mediates the association between vertical individualism and stigma against those who use substances or attempt suicide. Turkish adult participants (n = 200, M-age = 29.8, SD = 11.9) completed self-report measures of cultural orientation, belief in free will, substance use stigma, and suicide stigma. Results revealed that individuals' belief in free will mediates the association of vertical individualism with both suicide and substance use stigma. This suggests that free will belief may be one of the ways in which cultural orientations are linked to stigma. These results can contribute to the design of sophisticated stigma reduction interventions that take into account belief in free will and cultural orientation.