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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/3
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Publication Metadata only The entanglements of religion and things(Routledge, 2024) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Hodder, Ian Richard; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesPublication Metadata only Pottery spilled the beans: patterns in the processing and consumption of dietary lipids in Central Germany from the Early Neolithic to the Bronze Age(Public Library of Science, 2024) Risch, Roberto; Molina, Elena; Friederich, Susanne; Meller, Harald; Knoll, Franziska; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Breu, Adria; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThe need to better understand economic change and the social uses of long-ago established pottery types to prepare and consume food has led to the study of 124 distinct ceramic vessels from 17 settlement and funerary sites in Central Germany (present day Saxony-Anhalt). These, dated from the Early Neolithic (from 5450 cal. BCE onwards) to the Late Bronze Age (1300-750 cal. BCE;youngest sample ca. 1000 BCE), include vessels from the Linear Pottery (LBK), Schiepzig/Sch & ouml;ningen groups (SCHIP), Baalberge (BAC), Corded Ware (CWC), Bell Beaker (BBC), and & Uacute;n & ecaron;tice (UC) archaeological cultures. Organic residue analyses performed on this assemblage determined the presence of vessel contents surviving as lipid residues in 109 cases. These were studied in relation to the changing use of settlement and funerary pottery types and, in the case of burials, to the funerary contexts in which the vessels had been placed. The obtained results confirmed a marked increase in the consumption of dairy products linked to innovations in pottery types (e.g., small cups) during the Funnel Beaker related Baalberge Culture of the 4th millennium BCE. Although the intensive use of dairy products may have continued into the 3rd millennium BCE, especially amongst Bell Beaker populations, Corded Ware vessels found in funerary contexts suggest an increase in the importance of non-ruminant products, which may be linked to the production of specific vessel shapes and decoration. In the Early Bronze Age circum-Harz & Uacute;n & ecaron;tice group (ca. 2200-1550 BCE), which saw the emergence of a highly hierarchical society, a greater variety of animal and plant derived products was detected in a much more standardised but, surprisingly, more multifunctional pottery assemblage. This long-term study of lipid residues from a concise region in Central Europe thus reveals the complex relationships that prehistoric populations established between food resources and the main means to prepare, store, and consume them.Publication Metadata only From bowls to pots: the dairying revolution in northwest Turkey, a view from Barcın Höyük, 6600 to 6000 BCE(Public Library Science, 2024) Ozbal, Hadi; Thissen, Laurens; Gerritsen, Fokke; van den Bos, Elisha; Galik, Alfred; Doğan, Turhan; Cergel, Muhiddin; Şimşek, Adnan; Turkekul, Ayla; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Breu, Adria; Özbal, Rana; Department of Archeology and History of Art; ; College of Social Sciences and Humanities;Research has identified Northwest Turkey as a key region for the development of dairying in the seventh millennium BCE, yet little is known about how this practice began or evolved there. This research studies Barc and imath;n H and ouml;y and uuml;k, a site located in Bursa's Yeni and scedil;ehir Valley, which ranges chronologically from 6600 BCE, when the first evidence of settled life appears in the Marmara Region, to 6000 BCE, when Neolithic habitation at the site ceases. Using pottery sherds diagnostic by vessel category and type, this paper aims at identifying which ones may have been primarily used to store, process, or consume dairy products. Organic residue analysis of selected samples helped address the process of adoption and intensification of milk processing in this region over time. The lipid residue data discussed in this paper derive from 143 isotopic results subsampled from 173 organic residues obtained from 805 Neolithic potsherds and suggest that bowls and four-lugged pots may have been preferred containers for processing milk. The discovery of abundant milk residues even among the earliest ceramics indicates that the pioneer farmers arrived in the region already with the knowhow of dairying and milk processing. In fact, these skills and the reliance on secondary products may have given them one of the necessary tools to successfully venture into the unfarmed lands of Northwest Anatolia in the first place.Publication Metadata only Objects of visual representation and local cultural idioms(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Özbal, Rana; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesIn this paper, I reconsider the meaning of decorated objects like painted pottery and seal impressions with geometric and image-bearing motifs in prehistoric contexts. In northern Mesopotamia, the 6th millennium b.c., known more broadly as the Halaf Period, is a time when pottery with intricate painted motifs and stamp seals of a remarkably uniform style comprised a notable component of the cultural assemblage across a wide expanse. Following Alfred Gell, and using the site of Tell Kurdu, a peripheral Halaf Period 6th millennium b.c. site located in the Amuq Valley of Hatay, I highlight the ways in which such wares were used, and I strive to view them within their context-dependent settings. The region, on the fringes of this cultural entity provides a unique opportunity to identify a local Amuq identity and the nuances of hybridity that come with the appropriation of new elements of material culture, including Halaf Period painted pottery.Publication Metadata only Introduction: how do we think about backdirt?(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Mickel, Allison; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesPublication Metadata only Geochemical analyses to make the invisible more concrete: Cycles of building use and roof hatches at the Early Neolithic site of Aşıklı Höyük(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Ozbasaran, Mihriban; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Kalkan, Fatma; Özbal, Rana; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThis study focuses on understanding the use of space at Asikli Hoyuk in central Turkey through the geochemical analyses of five overlying floors of a quadrangular mudbrick building dating to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period. The research allows us to follow the process on a micro-scale, from the design and construction of the structure to its abandonment. We aim to perceive the role of plastered floors to gain insights into the producers and users of the building and those who kept it alive and maintained it. We will treat floors as one of the main actors of these spaces and zero in on entangled relationships by addressing a range of other aspects in the building. The analyses enable the identification of use patterns. Based on our results, we attempt to provide suggestions about the location of the roof hatches and hence the main access of the inhabitants to the external world.Publication Metadata only Mortar recipes from the Roman Imperial Bath-Gymnasium and Urban Mansion of Sagalassos – a technological perspective(Elsevier, 2024) Quilici, Matilde; Elsen, Jan; Beaujean, Bas; Degryse, Patrick; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Uytterhoeven, Inge; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThis work presents the results of the examination of mortars from the archaeological site of Sagalassos in Anatolia (Ağlasun, Burdur Province, Southwest Turkey). The 36 specimens were selected from structures within the Roman Imperial Bath-Gymnasium and Urban Mansion, respectively dating to the 1st-6/7th century CE and the 1st century BCE-7th century CE. These samples underwent macroscopic, microscopic, physical, granulometric and spectroscopic examinations to identify the raw materials and how these were processed. Most importantly, at least five different mortar recipe types were revealed. This diversity emphasises that mortar production was flexible and empirical, probably following a general but not strict procedure. Overall, this research contributes to a better understanding of construction technology at Sagalassos during the Roman Imperial Period and Late Antiquity, a time when mortar materials were systematically used on a large scale.Publication Metadata only Early Byzantine fish consumption and trade revealed by archaeoichthyology and isotopic analysis at sagalassos, Turkey(Elsevier, 2024) Van Neer, Wim; Fuller, Benjamin T.; Fahy, Geraldine E.; De Cupere, Bea; Bouillon, Steven; Richards, Michael P.; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Uytterhoeven, Inge; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWe document the dietary and economic role of fish at Sagalassos, a town in ancient Pisidia (southwest Turkey) for the Early Byzantine period (c. 550 – 700 CE) through a detailed analysis of animal bones and stable isotopes. The role of fish in the diet is quantified, for the first time, based on large samples of sieved remains retrieved during the excavation of a number of spaces in an urban residence. The table and kitchen refuse from the mansion shows that fish was a regular part of the diet. However, past isotopic work focused on human individuals excavated in the city's necropolises, slightly postdating the faunal remains examined, did not reflect this consumption of aquatic food. The studied assemblage comprises at least 12 different fish taxa, including five marine species, a Nilotic fish and six Anatolian freshwater species. Since the origin of the freshwater fishes could not be unambiguously determined by zoogeography alone, we analyzed carbon, nitrogen and sulphur stable isotope ratios in archaeological fish bones from Sagalassos as well as in bones of modern fish collected at different sites in Turkey. We show that most freshwater fish, i.e., all cyprinid species, came from Lake Eğirdir. No evidence was found for fish from the local Aksu River basin. The exact origin of pike, which account for 3% of all freshwater fish, could not be directly determined due to a shortage of modern comparative data. Using the data obtained on the provenance of the fish, the ancient trade routes possibly used in the Early Byzantine period are reconstructed using a combination of archaeological, numismatic and historical data on past commercial relations.Publication Metadata only Ottoman lakes and fluid landscapes: environing, wetlands and conservation in the Marmara Lake Basin, circa 1550–1900(White Horse Press, 2024) Çelik, Semih; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThe study of Ottoman lakes and wetlands from the perspective of management and conservation is an emerging field. Scholars have explored Ottoman strategies for managing agricultural and extractive landscapes, yet detailed investigation of socio-political responses to dynamic wetlands, particularly during periods of drastic climate shifts, requires deeper investigation. Our research on wetlands and lakes moves from the purview of waqfs (pious foundations) to the emergence of the Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA). By examining the shifting perspectives of institutional authority and community responses to it from the early modern period to the nineteenth century, we discuss the complexities of wetland management in the Marmara Lake Basin within the sancak of Saruhan (contemporary Manisa) in western Anatolia. We argue that intimate knowledge of this specific ecosystem played a critical role in mitigating attempts at reclamation and land grabbing and ultimately in developing legal structures of and policies for Ottoman conservation strategies. We situate our discussion within the paradigm of environing made possible by detailed longue-durée archival narratives; these micro-histories afford a dynamic perspective into non-linear responses to ecological and political changes and provide a local lens into the scalar impacts of human agency. © 2024 White Horse Press. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Dendroarchaeology in Greece – from humble beginnings to promising future(Elsevier Gmbh, 2024) Christopoulou, A.; Elzanowska, A.; Moody, J.; Ważny, T.; Tsakanika, Eleftheria; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Özarslan, Yasemin; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesIt was back in the early 1960 s when Bryant Bannister recognized the potential of dendrochronological research on wooden cultural heritage in Greece. More than two decades later, in the late 1980 s, P.I. Kuniholm and C.L. Striker started collecting and analyzing tree-ring series from several historical buildings, forests, and archeological sites in Greece and the surrounding Aegean region. Despite highly promising results, especially from the northern and western parts of the country, dendroarchaeology did not attract much attention in subsequent decades. It was only near the end of the 2000 s that dendroarchaeology was reintroduced: first in Crete through the Cretan Dendrochronology Project, and then by another independent project concerning the restoration of a historical building on the island of Euboea. These isolated case studies inspired a five-year systematic research program called the “Balkan-Aegean Dendrochronology Project: Tree-Ring Research for the Study of Southeast-European and East Mediterranean Civilizations” (BAD project). Dendroarchaeological surveys of historical buildings and archaeological sites were conducted throughout Greece with an emphasis on regions that had been previously ignored, such as the southern part of the country and the Aegean islands. Priority was given to buildings under restoration since in such cases original timbers were usually accessible and the architects, structural engineers, and archaeologists in charge were willing to collaborate. Our goals were not only to date timbers or provide information about the species used or the possible origin of the wood, but also to document the date, evolution, interventions and even the construction phases of historical buildings, as well as to help all those interested parties (academics, non-academics, researchers, professionals, local communities, etc.,) see the value of such information and how dendroarchaeology can contribute to the reconstruction of local history and the protection of cultural heritage. Tree-ring analysis led to the development of 18 chronologies from historical timbers and forests for six different species and different areas of the country from remote mountainous areas to small islands across the Aegean. The current dataset covers more than a thousand (1000) years and demonstrates the further potential of dendroarchaeology in the region.