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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/3
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Publication Metadata only Marketing sheep in the Ottoman Empire: Erzurum and its trade networks (circa 1780s-1910s)(Oriental Inst Czech Acad Sci, 2023) Department of History; Köksal, Yonca; Nacar, Can; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThis paper studies the lucrative sheep trading networks connecting Erzurum with major urban centers extending from Istanbul to Aleppo and Damascus. It traces the evolution of these networks in order to show how the dynamics of the sheep trade changed from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century. In opposition to the view that Eastern Anatolia remained largely excluded from domestic and foreign markets during the capitalist integration of the Ottoman economy, it is argued that the province of Erzurum maintained and even reinforced its position in the sheep trade. While sheep exports to Istanbul had increased by the early twentieth century, there was a decline in shipments to the Syrian provinces. The paper analyzes the political, financial, techno- logical, and environmental factors that played a role in this transformation.Publication Metadata only The ottoman twilight in the arab lands: Turkish memoirs and testimonies of the great war(Cambridge Univ Press, 2020) Department of History; Tınaz, Kerem; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 272083N/APublication Metadata only Adab as a way of life: towards an ethical turn in history(Brill, 2022) Department of History; Department of History; Gubara, Dahlia Eltayeb Mohammed; Wick, Alexis Norman; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 326936; 294015Like ancient philosophy in Pierre Hadot's conception, the polysemic notion of adab in the Arabic-Islamic tradition was a way of life, and not merely a scholarly discipline or cultural field. This essay explores this proposition in reference to the life and work of the Palestinian historian.arif al-Khalidi, where adab has been a central locus of reflection. Although steeped in present-day historical, literary, and philosophical discussions, we argue that al-Khalidi's approach has an uncanny resemblance to classical conceptions of adab and thereby invites a re-examination of current scholarly practices, presaging an ethical turn in the study of history.Publication Metadata only Reform or cataclysm? the agreement of 8 February 1914 regarding the ottoman eastern provinces(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Kieser, Hans-Lukas; Polatel, Mehmet; Schmutz, Thomas; Department of History; Polatel, Mehmet; Researcher; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AOn 8 February 1914, Ottoman Grand Vizier Said Halim and the Russian charge d'affaires Konstantin Gulkevich signed a reform project for seven Ottoman eastern provinces that covered roughly half of Asia Minor. This international Reform Agreement differed considerably from a first Russian draft the year before. Though little known by most World War I historians in the West, this agreement was a central but fragile piece for the future of Ottoman coexistence in egalitarian terms in Asia Minor on the eve of World War I. Often called 'Armenian Reforms', it was also a last seminal, more or less consensual project of European diplomacy before the latter's breakdown in the July crisis of 1914. Important Ottoman and non-Ottoman protagonists then chose the road towards cataclysm instead of efforts for Ottoman coexistence, reform and international consensus building. The cataclysm of greater Europe in World War I produced various seminal outcomes. One main result in the Levant was a Turkish nation-state in Asia Minor that excluded Asia Minor's Christians and tried to assimilate non-Turkish Muslims, above all Kurds, into 'Turkdom'. This article argues that the agreement of 1914 had opened for a short time a completely different perspective and that it played a crucial role on the road that led to genocide in spring 1915. Its postulates are still topical.Publication Metadata only Property and national and imperial sovereignties in the interwar Eastern Mediterranean(Belin-Herscher, 2017) N/A; Department of History; Rappas, Alexis; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 50773A vast literature has documented the key role of inter-communal violence, population transfers and the reallocation of confiscated property in the consolidation of mutually exclusive national identities in the interwar successor states of the Ottoman Empire. Despite their analytical sophistication, these studies adopt for the most part a statocentric perspective on the nationalization of identities in the Eastern Mediterranean. This article revisits this narrative by highlighting the initiatives of Christians and Muslims defying the political identities assigned to them by the Greek-Turkish 1923 Treaty of Lausanne with a view to preserve their properties. Settled in the Italian-controlled Dodecanese, these historical actors leverage on the fascist authorities' colonial anxieties regarding their contested sovereignty in the recently (1912) occupied Dodecanese and on the Mussolinian government's objective to bolster its political prestige in the broader region. By so doing this article argues that these Christians and Muslims become co-creators of a new "Aegean" or "minor Italian" citizenship positioning them at the apex of the Italian colonial hierarchy. Challenging the axiomatic correspondence between political identity and territory in the historiography on the nationalization of senses of belonging in the interwar Eastern Mediterranean, this article thus highlights processes of "translocality." To the extent in which the Italian government borrows more from an "national" rather than "imperial" repertoire to defend internationally the interests of their subjects, this paper further questions the normative opposition between "colonial empire" and "nation" as two mutually incommensurable political formations.Publication Metadata only Free trade or an alternative path: the queue system and struggle over the conditions of work in Ottoman ports, 1900-1910(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) N/A; Department of History; Nacar, Can; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 53168N/APublication Metadata only Turkish–British relations in the 1930s: from ambivalence to partnership(Routledge Journals, 2018) Gulmez, Seckin Baris; Department of History; Barlas, Dilek; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 4172This article seeks to explain how Britain and Turkey established a partnership in the second half of the 1930s despite the fact that they failed to agree upon a common rival to stand against. The prevailing International Relations literature highlights the existence of a common enemy as an essential component of alliance formation in world politics. The paradox underlying the British-Turkish partnership was the absence of a common enemy, since Britain was mainly disturbed by the revisionist policies of Germany, while Turkey was threatened by Italy's aggressive policy over the Mediterranean. In this respect, the article will first discuss how the academic literature explains the essential components of alliance formation in international relations. The second section will discuss in detail how British and Turkish threat perceptions diverged emphasizing the lack of a common rival. The final section will discuss how a bilateral partnership was successfully forged despite the absence of a common rival. Overall, the article argues that Britain and Turkey formed a partnership without a common enemy, as they shared a common fear of abandonment, i.e. the fear of losing an actual or a potential ally to an enemy.Publication Metadata only Negotiating railroad safety in the late Ottoman Empire: the state, railroad companies, trainmen, and trespassers(Cambridge Univ Press, 2019) N/A; Department of History; Nacar, Can; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 53168This study examines different approaches taken in the late Ottoman Empire to deal with the risks and dangers posed by railroads. Like its counterparts in Europe and the United States, the Ottoman state actively sought to protect individuals against railroad risks. for this purpose, it mandated the use of certain devices meant to facilitate the safe flow of railroad traffic and introduced measures that aimed to discipline railroaders and pedestrians into behaving appropriately. However, the state was not the only actor that struggled to address railroad risks. Railroad companies, primarily to advance their economic interests, incorporated technologies that considerably reduced the risk of collisions. Yet economic concerns also sometimes hampered investments in railroad safety. for instance, the manner in which trespassing cases were handled by accident investigation committees and courts allowed the companies to avoid their obligations with respect to fencing around railroad tracks. as a result, it was easy for pedestrians to use tracks near their homes and workplaces as pathways. Finally, the article also shows that in performing their duties, trainmen enjoyed considerable freedom from control by railroad managers. This freedom was further reinforced by the shortage of experienced and skilled labor in the Ottoman railroad industry.Publication Metadata only Empire of difference: the Ottomans in comparative perspective(Homer Academic Publ House, 2011) N/A; Department of History; Nacar, Can; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 53168This book is a comparative study of imperial organization and longevity that assesses Ottoman successes as well as failures against those of other empires with similar characteristics. Barkey examines the Ottoman Empire's social organization and mechanisms of rule at key moments of its history, emergence, imperial institutionalization, remodeling, and transition to nation-state, revealing how the empire managed these moments, adapted, and averted crises and what changes made it transform dramatically. The flexible techniques by which the Ottomans maintained their legitimacy, the cooperation of their diverse elites both at the center and in the provinces, as well as their control over economic and human resources were responsible for the longevity of this particular “negotiated empire”. Her analysis illuminates topics that include imperial governance, imperial institutions, imperial diversity and multiculturalism, the manner in which dissent is handled and/or internalized, and the nature of state society negotiationsPublication Metadata only Local demands and state policies: general councils (Meclis-i Umumi) in the Edirne and Ankara provinces (1867-1872)(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) N/A; Department of History; Köksal, Yonca; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 53333By comparing the decisions of various meetings of the General Councils of Edirne and Ankara provinces from 1283 to 1288 (1867-1872 AD), this study analyses social and economic dynamics of both provinces, the state vocabulary for handling local demands, and the boundaries of responsibility for the state and the local actors in provincial administration. Instead of reading the Tanzimat as a top-down imposition, this article defines General Councils as sites of negotiations between state and local actors and instruments for local development. This article challenges the conventional view of provincial councils as weak and unable to implement various policies. It contributes to a new generation of studies that challenges the separation between state and social forces and looks at how both interacted in provincial administration.