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Publication Metadata only Media effects in a polarized political system: the case of Turkey(Springer, 2024) Yıldırım, Kerem; Department of International Relations; Çarkoğlu, Ali; Department of International Relations; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesCan the media influence vote choice when the media and the party system are highly polarized, and vote shifts are infrequent? We argue affirmatively that media significantly influences vote choice even in such systems. First, we show that information filtered through the media has an independent effect on vote choice. Second, we link respondents’ newspaper choices in the pre-election survey with the favorability of major political parties in their newspapers during the campaign period. Third, we provide rich empirical data from media content and voter surveys. Our analyses suggest that media content has a significant effect in influencing party support and vote switches during the campaign periods of four general elections between 2002 and 2015 in the increasingly polarized setting of Turkey. We further break down this effect to study how favorable coverage and visibility influence party support differently among partisan loyalists and switchers. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.Publication Metadata only What does comparative policy analysis have to do with the structure, institution and agency debate?(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2022) Department of International Relations; Bakır, Caner; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 108141A growing number of political and policy scientists have utilized institutional theory to explain how the purposeful actions of agents shape and are shaped by structural, institutional, and agential factors. Most current studies, however, have conflated and/or combined the fundamental concepts of structure, institution, and actor, overlooking how their interactions shape policy and institutional outcomes. Furthermore, such research lacks an approach that allows a more comprehensive means to integrate the various dimensions of such interactions. By studying these distinct but interdependent causal factors through an integrative approach, we provide a richer, more comprehensive understanding of contingent conditions, agency, and outcomes.Publication Metadata only Governments’ policy agendas: an analysis of laws enacted since 1983(Yasama Derneği, 2020) Esen, Berk; Bektaş, Eda; Department of International Relations; Ekinci, Esra İşsever; Other; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; N/AThis article studies the policy priorities of Turkish governments through an analysis of government-sponsored laws that were enacted in the parliamentary period between 1983 and 2015. The entire list of government-sponsored laws enacted over 32 years was coded according to the coding system of the “Comparative Agendas Project” (CAP). In this way, governments’ policy priorities are determined by measuring the overall legislative performances of the governments based on different issue areas of laws. First, the article assesses the impact of various factors such as government type (single party-coalition governments) and government duration on the variation in the overall legislative performance of governments. Second, it engages in a comparative analysis of the issue areas of laws and highlights similarities and differences in the policy priorities and the political agendas of different governments. This analysis also discusses the impact of factors emphasized in the literature such as inter-party competition, international organizations, and crises independent of governments on the policy agenda of Turkish governments. As the study focuses on the post-1983 period, the article’s findings provide a detailed assessment of Turkish politics over the last three decades. The article’s findings suggest that legislative performance is positively correlated with government duration and that singleparty governments with longer mandate in office generally have higher legislative performances than coalition governments. Furthermore, the article demonstrates that Turkish governments primarily enacted laws in the areas of international relations, state administration, macroeconomics, justice crime and family issues, and defense policy and hence prioritized these areas more than the others. / Öz: Bu makale, 1983 ve 2015 arası parlamenter dönemde kurulan hükümetlerin Meclisten geçerek yasalaşan kanun tasarılarını analiz ederek, farklı hükümetlerin politika önceliklerini incelemektedir. Yaklaşık 32 sene gibi uzun bir zaman diliminde çıkmış olan tüm kanunlar, Karşılaştırmalı Gündemler Projesi’nin (KGP) kodlama sistemi kullanılarak konu kapsamlarına göre kodlanmıştır. Bu sayede, hükümetlerin yasama performansları ölçülerek politika öncelikleri belirlenmektedir. Çalışmada ilk olarak, hükümetlerin çıkardıkları kanunlar üzerinden genel yasama performansları ve buna etki eden etmenler analiz edilmektedir. Bu analizde hükümet türü (tek partikoalisyon hükümetleri) ve hükümet süresi gibi değişkenlerin üzerinde durulmaktadır. İkinci olarak ise hükümetlerin çeşitli politika alanlarındaki yasama performanslarına odaklanılmakta ve farklı siyasi dinamikler altında kurulmuş olan hükümetlerin çıkardıkları kanunların konuları karşılaştırılmaktadır. Böylece, farklı hükümetlerin politika öncelikleri ve gündemleri ortaya konmaktadır. Bu analiz ayrıca literatürde vurgulanan partiler arası rekabet, uluslararası kuruluşlar, hükümetlerden bağımsız gerçekleşen krizler gibi değişkenlerin Türkiye’de hükümetlerin politika gündemine etkisini tartışmaktadır. Çalışma, 1983 sonrası döneme odaklandığından, elde edilen bulgular ve bunların Türk siyaseti üzerine olası çıkarımları temel olarak son 30 yıllık dönemin ayrıntılı bir siyasi portresini vermektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları, ilgili dönemde hükümetlerin kanunlara dayalı yasama performanslarının görev süresinden etkilendiğini ve tek parti hükümetlerinin politika oluşturma ve yasamayı etkileme kapasitesinin koalisyon hükümetlerine göre genel olarak daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, hükümetlerin sırasıyla uluslararası ilişkiler, devlet idaresi, makroekonomi, adalet suç ve aile meseleleri ve savunma politika alanlarında diğer alanlara göre daha çok kanun çıkardıkları ve dolasıyla bu alanları diğer politika alanlarına göre önceledikleri görülmektedir.Publication Metadata only Maliye bürokrasisinde örgütsel değişim ve Vergi Denetim Kurulu Başkanlığı'nın kurulması(Türkiye ve Orta Doğu Amme İdaresi Enstitusu, 2012) Department of International Relations; Bakır, Caner; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 108141The establishment of Tax Inspection Administration (TIB) on 10 July 2011 signifies a revolutionary organizational change in fiscal bureaucracy in Turkey. This paper argues that organizational stability at the Ministry of Finance (MoF) has been punctuated by the determined government’s powerful intervention in organizational change. This revolutionary organizational change came swiftly, and subsequently affected the MoF bureaucracy as a whole. The research is a qualitative analysis of the TAB’s establishment. A combination of interviews and written sources was the main approach to data collection. The paper found that under the title of ‘tax auditor’, a new sub-identity has been introduced that aims to eliminate various bureaucratic subidentities generating conflict among tax inspectors board, inspection board of finance, budget and fiscal controllers and tax auditors. This change is likely to enhance state’s infrastructural capacity to levy and collect taxes via a progress towards an efficient and effective tax-collection machinery. It would facilitate further organizational reforms that faced the strong resistance of tax inspectors board and inspection board members. This paper also points to several policy challenges ahead on this course. / 10 Temmuz 2011 tarihinde Vergi Denetim Kurulu Başkanlığı’nın (VDKB) kurulması ile maliye bürokrasisinin vergi incelemesi yapan dört farklı mesleki alt-kimliğe mensup kadroları ve bunların bağlı oldukları kurul ve başkanlıklar kaldırılmıştır. VDKB’nin kuruluşu, hem Maliye Bakanlığı’nın örgütsel yapısında, hem de Türk mali denetim sisteminde devrimsel örgütsel değişimi getirmektedir. .itel araştırma tekniği kullanılan bu çalışmada, mülakatlardan ve yazılı kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel bulgusu, VDKB’nin kurulması ile maliye bürokrasisinde “kast sistemi” olarak tanımlanan dengenin “güçlü ve kararlı siyasi irade” tarafından kesintiye uğraması sonucu maliye bürokrasisinde devrimsel örgütsel değişim yönünde bir adımın atıldığıdır.Publication Metadata only Why do comparative public policy and political economy scholars need an analytic eclectic view of structure, institution and agency?(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2022) Department of International Relations; Bakır, Caner; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 108141This article illustrates an analytic eclectic value of structure, institution and agency (SIa) framework in comparative public policy. It engages and utilizes certain structural, institutional and agential perspectives from past literature to specify how elements of their causal properties coexist as part of a more complex argument. It argues that desired or preferred policy and/or institutional outcomes are most likely when multiple structural and institutional complementarities (from structures and institutions to agents) and multiple structural, institutional and agential enabling conditions accompany one another in motivating and empowering actors (from agents to structures and institutions) to engage in purposeful agential actions.Publication Metadata only Born in the USA: citizenship acquisition and transnational mothering in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Balta, Evren; Department of International Relations; Olcay, Özlem Altan; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 104197This article explores the practice of giving birth in the U.S. for the purpose of obtaining U.S. citizenship for the newborn children, among upper and upper-middle class mothers who otherwise are permanently located in Turkey. Focusing on their motivations, anxieties and practices, we situate our analysis with respect to discussions of intensive mothering, transnational motherhood and multi-layered meanings of citizenship. We suggest that the motivations women have for traveling to and staying in the U.S. in the later stages of their pregnancy reveal a new terrain of intensive mothering, tied to locally specific perceptions of future unpredictability and restrictions on individual choice. This particular discourse of intensive mothering involves the promotion of individualistic-decision-making and individualized efforts to control macro-processes, and reveals how citizenship acquisition for the children reproduces and disguises inequalities at the transnational level. Yet, this is also an intensely emotional process, not only indicative of the pressures on mothers, but also women's multilayered conflicts of belonging and identity across spaces and scales of citizenship.Publication Metadata only An experimental investigation of voter myopia in economic evaluations(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Department of International Relations; Aytaç, Selim Erdem; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 224278A prevalent assumption in the economic voting literature is that voters' retrospective evaluations are based on very recent outcomes only, that is, they are myopic. I test this assumption by drawing on a population based survey experiment from Turkey. Turkey presents a good opportunity to explore voters' time horizons for economic voting: the long tenure of the same single-party government entailed periods of both good and poor performance, and its overall record to date has been better than its immediate predecessors. I find that voters can provide divergent assessments of incumbent's performance in managing the economy over different time periods that are in line with the country's macroeconomic trajectory. Moreover, voters' evaluations of the incumbent's performance during its entire tenure have a stronger effect on economic vote than their shorter term evaluations, defying voter myopia. I provide evidence that long-term outcomes might weigh heavier in voters' considerations than commonly assumed.Publication Metadata only Sentiment and context-refined word embeddings for sentiment analysis(IEEE, 2021) Deniz, Ayca; Angin, Pelin; Department of International Relations; Angın, Merih; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 308500Word embeddings have become the de-facto tool for representing text in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, as they can capture semantic and syntactic relations, unlike their precedents such as Bag-of-Words. Although word embeddings have been employed in various studies in recent years and proven to be effective in many NLP tasks, they are still immature for sentiment analysis, as they suffer from insufficient sentiment information. General word embedding models pre-trained on large corpora with methods such as Word2Vec or GloVe achieve limited success in domain-specific NLP tasks. On the other hand, training domain-specific word embeddings from scratch requires a high amount of data and computation power. In this work, we target both shortcomings of pre-trained word embeddings to boost the performance of domain-specific sentiment analysis tasks. We propose a model that refines pre-trained word embeddings with context information and leverages the sentiment scores of sentences obtained from a lexicon-based method to further improve performance. Experiment results on two benchmark datasets show that the proposed method significantly increases the accuracy of sentiment classification.Publication Metadata only The organizational change in finance bureaucracy: The Establishment of Tax Audit Board(Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi, 2012) Department of International Relations; Bakır, Caner; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 108141The establishment of Tax Inspection Administration (TIB) on 10 July 2011 signifies a revolutionary organizational change in fiscal bureaucracy in Turkey. This paper argues that organizational stability at the Ministry of Finance (MoF) has been punctuated by the determined government's powerful intervention in organizational change. This revolutionary organizational change came swiftly, and subsequently affected the MoF bureaucracy as a whole. The research is a qualitative analysis of the TAB's establishment. A combination of interviews and written sources was the main approach to data collection. The paper found that under the title of 'tax auditor', a new sub-identity has been introduced that aims to eliminate various bureaucratic subidentities generating conflict among tax inspectors board, inspection board of finance, budget and fiscal controllers and tax auditors. This change is likely to enhance state's infrastructural capacity to levy and collect taxes via a progress towards an efficient and effective tax-collection machinery. It would facilitate further organizational reforms that faced the strong resistance of tax inspectors board and inspection board members. This paper also points to several policy challenges ahead on this course.