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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/3

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    Exploring emotions through co-speech gestures: the caveats and new directions
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2024) Aslan, Zeynep; Özer, Demet; Department of Psychology; Göksun, Tilbe; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    Co-speech hand gestures offer a rich avenue for research into studying emotion communication because they serve as both prominent expressive bodily cues and an integral part of language. Despite such a strategic relevance, gesture-speech integration and interaction have received less research focus on its emotional function compared to its cognitive function. This review aims to shed light on the current state of the field regarding the interplay between co-speech hand gestures and emotions, focusing specifically on the role of gestures in expressing and understanding both others’ and one's own emotions. The article concludes by addressing current limitations in the field and proposing future directions for researchers investigating gesture-emotion interaction. Our goal is to provide a roadmap to researchers in their exploration of the role of gestures in emotions, ultimately contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of how gestures and emotions intersect.
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    Complementing the united states household food security survey module with items reflecting social unacceptability
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024) Frongillo, Edward A; Bethancourt, Hilary J; Norcini Pala, Andrea; Maya, Sigal; Wu, Katherine C; Kizer, Jorge R; Tien, Phyllis C; Kempf, Mirjam-Colette; Hanna, David B; Appleton, Allison A; Merenstein, Daniel; D'Souza, Gypsyamber; Ofotokun, Igho; Konkle-Parker, Deborah; Michos, Erin D; Krier, Sarah; Stosor, Valentina; Weiser, Sheri D; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    Background: Social unacceptability of food access is part of the lived experience of food insecurity but is not assessed as part of the United States Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM). Objectives: The objectives were as follows: 1) to determine the psychometric properties of 2 additional items on social unacceptability in relation to the HFSSM items and 2) to test whether these 2 items provided added predictive accuracy to that of the HFSSM items for mental health outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional data used were from the Intersection of Material-Need Insecurities and HIV and Cardiovascular Health substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study. Data on the 10-item HFSSM and 2 new items reflecting social unacceptability were collected between Fall 2020 and Fall 2021 from 1342 participants from 10 United States cities. The 2 social unacceptability items were examined psychometrically in relation to the HFSSM-10 items using models from item response theory. Linear and logistic regression was used to examine prediction of mental health measured by the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. Results: The social unacceptability items were affirmed throughout the range of severity of food insecurity but with increasing frequency at higher severity of food insecurity. From item response theory models, the subconstructs reflected in the HFSSM-10 and the subconstruct of social unacceptability were distinct, not falling into one dimension. Regression models confirmed that social unacceptability was distinct from the subconstructs reflected in the HFSSM-10. The social unacceptability items as a separate scale explained more (∼1%) variation in mental health than when combined with the HFSSM-10 items in a single scale, and the social unacceptability subconstruct explained more (∼1%) variation in mental health not explained by the HFSSM-10. Conclusions: Two social unacceptability items used as a separate scale along with the HFSSM-10 predicted mental health more accurately than did the HFSSM-10 alone.
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    Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the multidimensional psychological flexibility inventory- persian (MPFI-P): an extensive investigation of long and short versions in community and clinical samples
    (Elsevier, 2024) Hekmati, Issa; Ciarrochi, Joseph; Laghaei, Marziyeh; Golezani, Hamed Rezaei; Department of Psychology; Abdollahpour Ranjbar, Hamed; Eskin, Mehmet; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is evidence-based, transdiagnostic psychotherapy that seeks to increase values-consistent behavior and advances mental health by promoting psychological flexibility (PF) and diminishing psychological inflexibility (PI). PF implies a person's ability to cope with, accept, and adjust to challenging circumstances, whereas PI denotes the inflexible dominance of psychological responses in steering behavior over selected values and contingencies. The Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventories (MPFI-60-24) have been established to cover all six factors of PF and six factors of PI at once. Still, these measures have yet to be validated in a Persian sample and this study seeks to validate the Persian versions of MPFI. We evaluated long and short versions of the MPFI in a Persian sample of 1270 (83% females, ages 18 through 57), divided into two groups, a healthy community group (n = 886) and a clinical group (n = 391). The MPFIs' psychometric properties, including criterion validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance, were investigated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that a 12-factor model had a good fit to the data for the long version (CFI = .92) and a very good fit (CFI = .98) for the short version. Regarding higher-order models, two-factor second-order model indices for long-form were adequate (CFI = .92), and for short-form, they were good (CFI = .96). All 12 subscales demonstrated sufficient reliability. Measurement invariance for gender and mental health state was observed, as well as good internal consistency and adequate criterion validity with psychological distress markers (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). PI was more strongly related to psychological distress than PF. Persian versions of the MPFI are reliable instruments for indexing PF and PI in both genders as well as in community and clinical samples.
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    How does poverty stigma affect depression symptoms for women living with HIV? longitudinal mediating and moderating mechanisms
    (Springer, 2023) Kempf, Mirjam-Colette; Konkle-Parker, Deborah; Wilson, Tracey E.; Tien, Phyllis C.; Wingood, Gina; Neilands, Torsten B.; Johnson, Mallory O.; Logie, Carmen H.; Weiser, Sheri D.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Turan, Janet Molzan; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; School of Medicine
    In a sample of women living with HIV, we examined whether individual traits fear of negative evaluation and resilience moderate the internalization of poverty stigma that these women experience from others. We also examined the downstream effects of these processes on depression symptoms using moderated serial mediation analyses. Data were collected annually for 4 years (2016-2020; T1, T2, T3, and T4) from 369 women living with HIV at 4 US cities using validated measures. Moderation effects were evaluated examining simple slopes at one standard deviation above and below the mean of the moderator. In all mediation analyses utilizing bootstrapping, we used the independent variable measured at T1, the mediators measured at subsequent visits (T2 and T3), and the outcome at the last visit (T4) to preserve the temporal sequence among the independent variable, mediators, and outcome variable. We also adjusted for T1 values of all mediators and outcome variables in analyses. Women with stronger fears of negative evaluation by others or lower dispositional resilience had stronger associations between experienced poverty stigma and internalized poverty stigma. Internalized poverty stigma (T2) mediated the association between experienced poverty stigma (T1) and depression symptoms (T4); this mediated association was moderated by fear of negative evaluation and resilience (T1). Finally, internalized poverty stigma (T2) and avoidance coping (T3) were serial mediators in the association between experienced poverty stigma (T1) and depression symptoms (T4), moderated by fear of negative evaluation and resilience. Understanding factors that minimize internalization of stigma and buffer its negative effects on mental health can inform interventions to improve health outcomes of individuals with stigmatized conditions.
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    Internalized HIV-related stigma and neurocognitive functioning among women living with HIV
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2022) Thompson, Emma C.; Muhammad, Josh N.; Adimora, Adoara A.; Chandran, Aruna; Cohen, Mardge H.; Crockett, Kaylee B.; Goparaju, Lakshmi; Henderson, Emmett; Kempf, Mirjam-Colette; Konkle-Parker, Deborah; Kwait, Jennafer; Mimiaga, Matthew; Ofotokun, Igho; Rubin, Leah; Sharma, Anjala; Teplin, Linda A.; Vance, David E.; Weiser, Sheri D.; Weiss, Deborah J.; Wilson, Tracey E.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    The prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment persists despite highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this study we explore the role of internalized stigma, acceptance of negative societal characterizations, and perceptions about people living with HIV (PLWH) on neurocognitive functioning (executive function, learning, memory, attention/working memory, psychomotor speed, fluency, motor skills) in a national cohort of women living with HIV (WLWH) in the United States. We utilized observational data from a multicenter study of WLWH who are mostly African American living in low-resource settings. Neurocognitive function was measured using an eight-test battery. A multiple linear regression model was constructed to investigate the relationship between internalized stigma and overall neurocognitive functioning (mean of all neurocognitive domain standardized T-scores), adjusting for age, education, race, previous neuropsychological battery scores, illicit drug use, viral load, and years on ART. Our analysis revealed that internalized HIV-related stigma is significantly associated with worse performance on individual domain tests and overall neurocognitive performance (B=0.27, t=2.50, p=0.01). This suggests HIV-related internalized stigma may be negatively associated with neurocognitive functioning for WLWH. This finding highlights a specific psychosocial factor associated with poor neurocognitive function that may be targeted to better promote the health of PLWH. Future research on the longitudinal relationship between these variables and the effects of other stigma dimensions on poor neurocognitive function would provide further insights into the pathways explaining the relationship between internalized stigma and neurocognition.
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    T-cell activation state differentially contributes to neuropsychiatric complications in women with HIV
    (Elsevier, 2022) Williams, Dionna W.; Flores, Bianca R.; Xu, Yanxun; Wang, Yuezhe; Yu, Danyang; Peters, Brandilyn A.; Adedimeji, Adebola; Wilson, Tracey E.; Merenstein, Daniel; Tien, Phyllis C.; Cohen, Mardge H.; Weber, Kathleen M.; Adimora, Adaora A.; Ofotokun, Igho; Fischl, Margaret; Turan, Janet; Laumet, Geoffroy; Landay, Alan L.; Dastgheyb, Raha M.; Gange, Stephen J.; Weiser, Sheri D.; Rubin, Leah H.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    Neuropsychiatric complications are common among women with HIV (WWH). The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these complications are not fully known but likely driven in part by immune modulation. We examined associations between T-cell activation states which are required to mount an effective immune response (activation, co-stimulation/normal function, exhaustion, senescence) and neuropsychiatric complications in WWH. 369 WWH (78% HIV RNA undetectable/<20cp/mL) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed neuropsychological testing and measures of depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-CES-D), self-reported stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale-10), and post-traumatic stress (PTSD Checklist-Civilian Scale). Multiparametric flow cytometry evaluated T-cell activation state. Partial least squares regressions were used to examine T-cell phenotypes and neuropsychiatric outcome associations after confounder adjustment. In the total sample and among virally suppressed (VS)-WWH, CD4(+) T-cell exhaustion was associated with poorer learning and attention/working memory (P's < 0.05). In the total sample, CD4(+) T-cell activation was associated with better attention/working memory and CD8(+) T-cell co-stimulation and senescence was associated with poorer executive function (P's < 0.05). For mental health outcomes, in the total sample, CD4(+) T-cell activation was associated with more perceived stress and CD4(+) T-cell exhaustion was associated with less depressive symptoms (P's < 0.05). Among VS-WWH, CD4(+) senescence was associated with less perceive stress and CD8(+) T-cell co-stimulation and senescence was associated with higher depression (P's < 0.05). Together, results suggest the contribution of peripheral CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell activation status to neuropsychiatric complications in WWH.
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    A Bayesian network analysis to examine the effects of HIV stigma processes on self-concept and depressive symptoms among persons living with HIV
    (Wiley, 2024) Pala, Andrea Norcini; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    Objective: This study examines the relationships between HIV stigma dimensions, self-related mechanisms, and depressive symptoms among persons living with HIV. Background: HIV stigma hinders the well-being of individuals living with HIV, which is linked to depressive symptoms and increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying stigma's impact on depression are poorly understood. Psychosocial theories propose that experiencing HIV stigma leads to internalized stigma, impacting self-concept and mental health. Method: Using Bayesian network analysis, we explored associations among HIV stigma processes (experienced, anticipated, internalized, perceived community stigma, and HIV status disclosure) and self-related mechanisms (self-esteem, fear of negative evaluation [FNE], self-blame coping, and social exclusion), and depressive symptoms. Results: Our diverse sample of 204 individuals, primarily men, gay/bisexual, Black, and lower-middle SES, who experienced stigma showed increased anticipated, internalized, and perceived community stigma, FNE, and depressive symptoms. Internalized stigma contributed to self-blame coping and higher depressive symptoms. Anticipated and perceived community stigma and FNE correlated with increased social exclusion. Discussion: This study investigates potential mechanisms through which HIV stigma may impact depression. Identifying these mechanisms establishes a foundation for future research to inform targeted interventions, enhancing mental health and HIV outcomes among individuals living with HIV, especially from minority backgrounds. Insights gained guide evidence-based interventions to mitigate HIV stigma's detrimental effects, ultimately improving overall well-being and health-related outcomes for people with HIV.
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    Relationships between patient race and residential race context with missed human immunodeficiency virus care visits in the United States, 2010-2015
    (Oxford University Press, 2023) Crockett, Kaylee B.; Schember, Cassandra O.; Bian, Aihua; Rebeiro, Peter F.; Keruly, Jeanne; Mayer, Kenneth; Mathews, Christopher; Moore, Richard D.; Crane, Heidi; Geng, Elvin; Napravnik, Sonia; Shepherd, Bryan E.; Mugavero, Michael J.; Pettit, April C.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    Background: Racial inequities exist in retention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and multilevel analyses are needed to contextualize and address these differences. Leveraging data from a multisite clinical cohort of people with HIV (PWH), we assessed the relationships between patient race and residential characteristics with missed HIV care visits. Methods: Medical record and patient-reported outcome (PRO; including mental health and substance-use measures) data were drawn from 7 participating Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) sites including N = 20 807 PWH from January 2010 through December 2015. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for nesting within individuals and within census tracts in multivariable models assessing the relationship between race and missed HIV care visits, controlling for individual demographic and health characteristics and census tract characteristics. Results: Black PWH resided in more disadvantaged census tracts, on average. Black PWH residing in census tracts with higher proportion of Black residents were more likely to miss an HIV care visit. Non-Black PWH were less likely to miss a visit regardless of where they lived. These relationships were attenuated when PRO data were included. Conclusions: Residential racial segregation and disadvantage may create inequities between Black PWH and non-Black PWH in retention in HIV care. Multilevel approaches are needed to retain PWH in HIV care, accounting for community, healthcare setting, and individual needs and resources.
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    Cognitive prescriptions for reducing dementia risk factors among Black/African Americans: feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Fazeli, Pariya L.; Hopkins, Cierra; Vance, David E.; Wadley, Virginia; Li, Peng; Wang, Danny H. H.; Bowen, Pamela G.; Clay, Olivio J.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    Objectives: Black/African Americans (B/AAs) have double the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia than Whites, which is largely driven by health behaviors. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a pilot randomized clinical trial of an individualized multidomain health behavior intervention among middle-aged and older B/AAs (dubbed Cognitive Prescriptions [CogRx]). Design: Thirty-nine community-dwelling B/AA participants aged 45-65 without significant cognitive impairment were randomized to one of three groups: CogRx, Psychoeducation, or no-contact control. The Psychoeducation and CogRx groups received material on dementia prevalence, prognosis, and risk factors, while the CogRx group additionally received information on their risk factor profile across the five CogRx domains (physical, cognitive, and social activity, diet, sleep). This information was used for developing tailored 3-month goals in their suboptimal areas. Results: The CogRx program had high retention (all 13 CogRx participants completed the 3-month program and 97% of the full sample completed at least 1 follow-up) and was well-received as exhibited by qualitative and quantitative feedback. Themes identified in the positive feedback provided by participants on the program included: increased knowledge, goal-setting, personalization, and motivation. The Covid-19 pandemic was a consistent theme that emerged regarding barriers of adherence to the program. All three groups improved on dementia knowledge, with the largest effects observed in CogRx and Psychoeducation groups. Increases in cognitive, physical, and overall leisure activities favored the CogRx group, whereas improvements in sleep outcomes favored Psychoeducation and CogRx groups as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The CogRx program demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy in increasing dementia knowledge and targeted health behaviors. Further refinement and testing of the implementation and effectiveness of similar person-centered dementia prevention approaches are needed on a larger scale in diverse populations. Such findings may have implications for clinical and public health recommendations.
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    Audible pain squeaks can mediate emotional contagion across pre-exposed rats with a potential effect of auto-conditioning
    (Nature Portfolio, 2023) Packheiser, Julian; Paradiso, Enrica; Michon, Frederic; Ramaaker, Eline; Sahin, Neslihan; Muralidharan, Sharmistha; Woehr, Markus; Gazzola, Valeria; Keysers, Christian; Department of Psychology; Soyman, Efe; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    Footshock self-experience enhances rodents' reactions to the distress of others. Here, we tested one potential mechanism supporting this phenomenon, namely that animals auto-condition to their own pain squeaks during shock pre-exposure. In Experiment 1, shock pre-exposure increased freezing and 22 kHz distress vocalizations while animals listened to the audible pain-squeaks of others. In Experiment 2 and 3, to test the auto-conditioning theory, we weakened the noxious pre-exposure stimulus not to trigger pain squeaks, and compared pre-exposure protocols in which we paired it with squeak playback against unpaired control conditions. Although all animals later showed fear responses to squeak playbacks, these were weaker than following typical pre-exposure (Experiment 1) and not stronger following paired than unpaired pre-exposure. Experiment 1 thus demonstrates the relevance of audible pain squeaks in the transmission of distress but Experiment 2 and 3 highlight the difficulty to test auto-conditioning: stimuli weak enough to decouple pain experience from hearing self-emitted squeaks are too weak to trigger the experience-dependent increase in fear transmission that we aimed to study. Although our results do not contradict the auto-conditioning hypothesis, they fail to disentangle it from sensitization effects. Future studies could temporarily deafen animals during pre-exposure to further test this hypothesis. While audible pain squeaks among rats are relevant in the transmission of distress, it is difficult to disentangle whether animals can be auto-conditioned to the sound of their own pain squeaks.