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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/3
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Publication Metadata only Living with HIV during Covid-19: knowledge and worry about Covid-19, adherence to Covid-19-related precautions, and HIV health outcomes(Routledge, 2023) Nemli, Salih Atakan; Yigit, Ibrahim; Agrali, Burcu; Gokengin, Deniz; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThe Covid-19 pandemic has been profound impacts on mental and physical health of individuals with chronic diseases. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on people living with HIV. We aimed to assess the association between Covid-19-related knowledge and worry, HIV-related health practices and outcomes, and adherence to precautions related to Covid-19, and possible associations of these factors with HIV treatment outcomes (ART adherence and viral load). A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2020 and February 2021 among 291 PLWH at two large university hospital HIV clinics in Izmir, Turkey. Additionally, the most recent HIV-RNA load, CD4 count was recorded using medical records. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of self-reported adherence to COVID-19-related precautions, ART adherence and undetectable viral load. Covid-19-related worry, Covid-19-related knowledge, and ART adherence were significant predictors of adherence to Covid-19-related precautions. Furthermore, adherence to Covid-19-related precautions was a significant predictor of both ART adherence and undetectable viral load. Findings provide a unique aspect of the interrelations of Covid and living with HIV. Since health behaviors and outcomes for Covid-19 and HIV seem to be interrelated, treatment practices and interventions that address these simultaneously may enhance their efficacy.Publication Metadata only An integrative model of the association between leadership styles and employee's self-handicapping behavior(Amer Psychological Assoc, 2023) Department of Psychology; Zeytun, Didar; Atalay, Ayşe Altan; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesSelf-handicapping is a strategy that provides individuals with justifications for the externalization of failure. Although rarely investigated, external factors are assumed to be influential in the emergence of self-handicapping. Utilizing trait activation theory, this study aims to understand the association of leadership styles with employees' self-handicapping and how this process is mediated by fear of failure and moderated by socially prescribed perfectionism. Data were collected from 210 individuals aged 20-67. The results indicated that self-handicapping behavior was negatively associated with transformational and positively associated with abusive supervision with the significant mediator role of fear of failure. Socially prescribed perfectionism has also appeared to be a significant moderator only in the relationship between transformational leadership and fear of failure.Publication Metadata only Experiences of accessing education among people with disabilities during the Covid-19 pandemic: evidence from five low- and middle-income countries1(Routledge Journals, Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2024) Hunt, Xanthe; McKenzie, Judith; Hameed, Shaffa; Khan, Rifat Shahpar; Luong-Anh, Ngoc; Ganle, John; Tetali, Shailaja; Huq, Lopita; Shakespeare, Tom; Department of Psychology; İlkkurşun, Zeynep; Acartürk, Ceren; Department of Psychology; ; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities;The COVID-19 pandemic had profound impacts on education globally. The pandemic widened educational disparities between young people with and without disabilities, but accounts from low- and middle-income countries are missing from the literature. This article reports on a multi-country qualitative study of experiences of education in low- and middle-income countries during the pandemic. Interviews were conducted with primary, secondary, and tertiary-level young people with disabilities who were engaged in education, and caregivers, with 30-60 participants per country. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, organised according to three key topics: experiences accessing education prior to the pandemic, barriers to access during the pandemic, and the impact of poor access. The pandemic exacerbated the existing failure of education systems to cater to the needs of people with disabilities and their families. Beyond education, losses in functioning, mental health, and family wellbeing were acutely felt by caregivers.Publication Metadata only Background TV and infant-family interactions: insights from home observations(Wiley, 2024) Uzundag, Berna A.; Koskulu-Sancar, Suemeyye; Department of Psychology; Küntay, Aylin C.; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesBackground television has been found to negatively impact children's language development and self-regulatory skills, possibly due to decreased parent-child interactions. Most of the research on the relationship between background TV and caregiver-child interactions has been conducted in laboratory settings. In the current study, we conducted home observations and investigated whether infants engage in fewer interactions with family members in homes where background TV is more prevalent. We observed 32 infants at the ages of 8, 10, and 18 months in their home environments, coding for dyadic interactions (e.g., parent talking to and/or engaging with the child), triadic interactions (e.g., parent and infant play with a toy together), and infants' individual activities. Our findings revealed that background TV was negatively associated with the time infants spent in triadic interactions, positively associated with time spent engaging in individual activities, and not significantly related to the time spent in dyadic interactions. Apart from the relationship between background TV and individual activity time at 8 months, these associations remained significant even after accounting for families' socioeconomic status. These findings imply a correlation between background TV exposure and caregiver-infant-object interactions, warranting a longitudinal analysis with larger sample sizes.Publication Metadata only Buzzes are used as signals of aggressive intent in Darwin's finches(Oxford Univ Press, 2024) Colombelli-Negrel, Diane; Kleindorfer, Sonia; Department of Psychology; Akçay, Çağlar; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesSignals of aggression may potentially reduce the fitness costs of conflict during agonistic interactions if they are honest. Here we examined whether the 'buzz' vocalization in two species of Darwin's finches, the small tree finch, Camarhynchus parvulus, and the critically endangered medium tree finch, C. pauper, found in Floreana Island, Galapagos Archipelago, is a signal of aggression. Specifically, we assessed three criteria for aggressive signalling (context, predictive, and response criteria) in an observational study and a playback experiment. In the observational study, buzzes by the resident male were more common when an intruder was present on the territory in medium tree finches but not small tree finches (context criterion). In the playback experiment, buzzes increased during and after a simulated intrusion for both species (context criterion). Buzzes before the playback period predicted aggressive responses by males (predictive criterion) but buzzes during playback did not. Finally, both species responded more strongly to playbacks of conspecific buzzes compared to conspecific songs and heterospecific buzzes (response criterion). Together the results support the aggressive signal hypothesis for buzz vocalizations, although future studies are needed to understand the evolution and development of this interesting signal.Publication Metadata only Temporal integration of target features across and within trials in the attentional blink(Springer, 2024) Semizer, Yelda; Department of Psychology; Yıldırım, Bugay; Gököz, Zeynep Ayşecan Boduroğlu; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesAttentional blink research has typically investigated attentional limitations in multiple target processing. The current study investigated the temporal integration of target features in the attentional blink. Across two experiments, we demonstrated that the orientation estimations of individual target items in the attentional blink paradigm were systematically biased. Specifically, there was evidence for both within- and across-trial biases, revealing a general bias towards previously presented stimuli. Moreover, both biases were found to be more salient for targets suffering from the attentional blink. The current study is the first to demonstrate an across-trial bias in responses in the attentional blink paradigm. This set of findings is in line with the literature, suggesting that the human visual system can implicitly summarize information presented over time, which may lead to biases. By investigating temporal integration in the attentional blink, we have been able to address the modulatory role of attention on biases imposed by the implicit temporal effects in estimation tasks. Our findings may inform future research on attentional blink, serial dependence, and ensemble perception.Publication Metadata only Society isn't designed for us to win: trauma and sexual healthcare experiences among transgender women in the Southeastern United States(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, 2024) Van Gerwen, Olivia T.; Muzny, Christina A.; Siwakoti, Krishmita; Batey, D. Scott; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesTransgender women (TGW) are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Experienced trauma threatens TGW's commitment to sexual healthcare. Trauma-informed approaches to sexual healthcare can improve engagement. This study aimed to characterize the trauma experienced by TGW in the Southeastern US, especially related to sexual health. TGW completed in-depth individual interviews guided by the Modified Social Ecological Model (MSEM) and Minority Stress framework. Interviews explored the nature of trauma, sexual health, and their intersection in TGW's lives, and a thematic analysis was performed. Between August 2022 and January 2023, 13 TGW enrolled (69% Black, 31% White). Mental illness was common (77%). Five participants (38%) were HIV+, and seven (54%) reported lifetime STI history. Themes reflected societal (barriers to healthcare, anti-transgender legislation), community (misgendering/deadnaming), network (limited support), and individual (dysphoria, sex work, fear for physical safety, stigma, mental health conditions, race) stressors. The physical/sexual violence and resilience themes pervaded all stressor levels. Medical mistrust was exacerbated by past traumatic experiences within sexual healthcare settings. Resilience and transgender representation in healthcare settings were protective. Various experienced traumas and their cumulative effects were pervasive in the daily lives of TGW. Development of targeted interventions to improve sexual health engagement of TGW must optimize personal strengths and provide holistic support. Transgender women experience sexual and mental health disparities. Understanding how trauma related to these issues affects this population and, ultimately, impacts their engagement in sexual and reproductive healthcare is necessary. Societal, community, network, and individual factors influence the trauma they experience. A better understanding of trauma can inform the development of trauma-informed care initiatives that can improve sexual health outcomes.Publication Metadata only Lists as alternative discourse structures to narratives in preschool children's conversations(Taylor & Francis, 2004) N/A; Department of Psychology; Küntay, Aylin C.; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 178879This study examines a corpus of conversations of Turkish preschool-age children with adults, with the goal of analyzing 2 types of extended discourse structures (i.e., lists and narratives). Lists and narratives are compared with respect to (a) their internal structures, and (b) their social functions in the participants' daily interactions. The analyses suggest that although lists and narratives differ on structural grounds, they overlap in the functions they serve for the tellers. Lists constitute more of a descriptive structure, although temporality is foregrounded in narratives. Yet, both genres are used to express strips of past experience, and are employed by the same child in similar contexts, framed by similar metadiscourse comments, often blending into another. These findings suggest that, although lists and narratives are revealed as 2 clearly differentiable genres on formal analyses, lists carry some features of narrativity in children's conversational interactions.Publication Metadata only Development of the expression of indefiniteness: presenting new referents in Turkish picture-series stories(Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc Inc, 2002) N/A; Department of Psychology; Küntay, Aylin C.; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 178879This study investigates how native Turkish-speaking participants of different ages produce new referents in narrative discourse about a 6-frame picture series. Turkish does not obligatorily encode the distinction between indefinite and definite reference with a formal article system. The expression of indefiniteness is instead achieved through a conglomeration of devices, including an optional indefinite numeral, case-ending variation, and word order. The main motivation of this study was to specify the means and the extent of indicating the nondefinite status of newly introduced story participants by Turkish narrators of different ages. The results indicate that Turkish children, similar to young speakers of other languages, do not exhibit a tendency to mark the indefinite status of referents until around 7 years of age. The centrality and animacy of the story characters constrain the introductory referential strategies of speakers. The implications of these findings are discussed in a cross-linguistic developmental framework.Publication Metadata only The role of social support on cognitive function among midlife and older adult MSM(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2023) Henderson E.R.; Haberlen S.A.; Coulter R.W.S.; Weinstein A.M.; Meanley S.; Brennan-Ing M.; Mimiaga M.J.; Turan J.M.; Teplin L.A.; Egan J.E.; Plankey M.W.; Friedman M.R.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 219712Objective: This study examines the association between social support and cognitive function among midlife and older MSM living with or without HIV.Design:We analyzed longitudinal data from participants enrolled from October 2016 to March 2019 in the Patterns of Healthy Aging Study, a substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to estimate the association between social support and three measures of cognitive function [Trail Making Test (TMT) Part A, TMT Part B to A ratio, and Symbol Digit Modalities Tasks (SDMT)]. We also used linear mixed-effects models to estimate the association between baseline social support and cognitive function across four subsequent time points. We evaluated a multiplicative interaction term between baseline social support and time, in order to determine whether cognitive trajectories over time vary by baseline social support. Results:Social support was associated with lower TMT Part A scores at baseline and over the subsequent 2 years, indicating better psychomotor ability. Social support was associated with higher SDMT scores at baseline and across 2 years, indicating better information processing. We observed no association between social support and TMT B to A ratio at baseline or across 2 years, indicating no effect on set-shifting ability. Longitudinal cognition outcome trajectories did not vary by the level of baseline social support. Conclusion:Social support and cognitive function were associated in this sample over a short time period. Further research should explore causal relationships over the lifespan.