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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/3
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Publication Metadata only The rise and fall of community development in rural Turkey, 1960-1980(Wiley, 2024) Selamet, Kadir; Department of Sociology; Gürel, Burak; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesTurkey's Community Development Program (CDP), implemented in the 1960s and 1970s, has remained a largely underexplored subject in the global history of rural community development schemes. Based on detailed archival research, this article shows that the programme's central goal was to mobilize the labour and financial resources of the villagers to carry out rapid infrastructure construction. Turkish policymakers hoped that such mobilization could help achieve a high level of rural development far beyond what could be achieved by relying solely on government spending and might also allow the allocation of more resources to urban industrialization. Despite its initial promise, the CDP was unable to effectively mobilize the countryside due to a combination of structural, political, and bureaucratic challenges, including unequal land distribution, intense electoral competition, and inadequate administrative coordination. However, the CDP was not entirely inconsequential. It played a modest role in the commercialization and capitalist transformation of Turkish agriculture.Publication Metadata only Semi-private Landownership and capitalist agriculture in contemporary China(Sage Publications Inc, 2019) Department of Sociology; Gürel, Burak; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 219277Although the existing scholarship on the capitalist transformation of Chinese agriculture uses the concepts of the Marxist political economy to analyze class differentiation, it has not systematically analyzed the role of the Chinese state (as manifested in the current semi-private land system) in this transformation with reference to Marx's theory of agricultural rent. Capitalist transformation of Chinese agriculture in the context of continuing strong government control over farmland provides a unique opportunity to assess the validity of Marx's hypothesis that private landownership is a barrier to capitalist development in agriculture and that state ownership of land is a possible way to overcome it. Analysis highlights two advantages of the current system for the capitalist transformation of Chinese agriculture. First, by enabling local governments to transfer large and consolidated tracts of farmland to agribusiness companies and large farmers and relieving them from the burden of dealing with each and every private owner for land access, the semi-private landownership system minimizes the transaction costs incurred by agrarian capital. Second, farm workers are guaranteed access to small plots of land and this subsidizes agrarian capital by reducing the costs of the reproduction of labor power, thereby putting downward pressure on wages. JEL Classification: P32, P1Publication Metadata only The dependent variable problem revisited: methods, concepts, and scope in the welfare retrenchment literature(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2021) Department of Sociology; N/A; Yörük, Erdem; Kına, Mehmet Fuat; Faculty Member; Researcher; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982; N/AThis chapter discusses whether and to what extent there is “dependent variable problem” in the most recent welfare state retrenchment literature. The problem is previously defined as the vagueness, lack of consensus and inconsistencies in the conceptualization and operationalization of welfare retrenchment. Some scholars have argued that welfare state retrenchment should be measured with expenditure levels, while some others suggest the use of right based measures (e.g. replacement rates). However, more recently, there appeared a silent consensus on the use of social rights as the best choice over expenditures. This chapter is based on a systematic literature review of empirical analyzes on welfare retrenchment that have been published after those reviewed by Green-Pedersen (2004). Despite the theoretical consensus, our analysis points out that expenditure is still the most commonly used indicator to represent and analyze welfare retrenchment. It also allows to figure out to what extent the DVP has been resolved.Publication Metadata only The performance of education system in different welfare regimes in school to work transitions: Denmark, France, Spain, Greece, and Turkey(Sosyoekonomi Soc, 2020) Department of Sociology; Çelik, Çetin; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 105104School systems and their links with the labor market play an important role in students' success or failure and, consequently, facilitate (or not) their later access to the labor market. This article presents a comparison of the effects of different welfare regimes on school to work transitions. By drawing on an intense desk study and secondary analysis, the article examines five countries with different welfare regime types and reveals how they shape schooling and school to work transitions, particularly for disadvantaged groups. these countries are Denmark (universalistic regime), France (employment-centered regime), Spain, Greece, and Turkey (sub-protective regime). the article also addresses potential policy transfers in the findings.Publication Metadata only Interests, passions and politics: business associations and the sovereignty dispute in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) N/A; Department of Sociology; Kılıç, Azer; Other; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AThis paper examines business associations in a context where the state is being contested from below, focusing on Diyarbakir, a major Kurdish city in Turkey. Against the backdrop of armed conflict, reform processes triggered by the country's EU candidacy and socio-economic change, Diyarbakir has become a contested zone over which the Turkish government and the Kurdish movement have been competing for control. Local business associations have also been implicated in such contestation. Considering the situation of dual power and moral economy at the local level, the paper examines how these associations deal with an adverse situation that is characterized by political instability and uncertainty. The analysis shows that business leaders have been able to make the 'best' of the situation.