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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/3
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Publication Metadata only Transforming state-civil society relations: centralization and externalization in refugee education(Cambridge Univ Press, 2020) N/A; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Nimer, Maissam; Researcher; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AIn the context of the arrival of Syrians as of 2011 and the subsequent humanitarian assistance received in light of the EU-Turkey deal in 2016, there has been increased control over civil society organizations (CSOs) in Turkey. Through the case study of language education, this paper examines the relationship between the state and CSOs as shaped by the presence of Syrian refugees and how it evolved through the autonomy of state bureaucracy. It demonstrates that increased control led to the proliferation of larger projects, the deterrence of smaller CSOs, and a hierarchy between organizations prioritizing those that are aligned with the state. It argues that this policy is not only the result of the increased lack of trust between state and civil society but also an attempt to channel funds through state institutions to handle an unprecedented number of refugees while externalizing some of its functions. At the same time, this emerging relationship effectively allows the state to avoid making long-term integration policies and facing growing tensions among the public. This study is based on a qualitative study encompassing interviews with state officials as well as stakeholders in different types of CSOs that deliver language education for adults.Publication Metadata only In search of disability rights: citizenship and Turkish disability organizations(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Yardimci, Sibel; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Bezmez, Dikmen; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 101788Criticizing modern citizenship's emphasis on the 'nation' as a homogeneous body of citizens, recent citizenship conceptions draw attention to diverse group identities and their differentiated rights-claims. By way of scrutinizing different disability organizations, this paper analyzes the struggles by people with disabilities in Turkey and examines whether these could be perceived as claims to new forms of citizenship. It argues that due to the institutional, political, cultural and historical specificities of Turkey, most non-governmental organizations maintain relations of patronage with state actors. Far from initiating a rights-based discourse, their activities cannot be perceived within recent citizenship frameworks. Yet, parallel to Turkey's accession process to the EU and technological developments, alternative forms of organizing started emerging at the virtual level. These are the harbingers of a relatively more rights-based discourse.Publication Metadata only Welfare provision as political containment: the politics of social assistance and the Kurdish conflict in Turkey(Sage, 2012) Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Yörük, Erdem; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982Can we argue that pressures generated from grassroots politics are responsible for the rapid expansion and ethnically/racially uneven distribution of social assistance programs in emerging economies? This article analyzes the Turkish case and shows that social assistance programs in Turkey are directed disproportionately to the Kurdish minority and to the Kurdish region of Turkey, especially to the internally displaced Kurds in urban and metropolitan areas. The article analyzes a cross-sectional dataset generated by a 10,386-informant stratified random sampling survey and controls for possibly intervening socioeconomic factors and neighborhood-level fixed-effects. The results show that high ethnic disparity in social assistance is not due to higher poverty among Kurds. Rather, Kurdish ethnic identity is the main determinant of the access to social assistance. This result yields substantive support to argue that the Turkish government uses social assistance to contain the Kurdish unrest in Turkey. The Turkish government seems to give social assistance not simply where the people become poor, but where the poor become politicized. This provides support for Fox Piven and Cloward's thesis that relief for the poor is driven by social unrest, rather than social need. The article concludes that similar hypotheses may hold true for other emerging economies, where similar types of social assistance programs have recently expanded significantly and have been directed to ethnic/racial groups.Publication Metadata only Class and politics in Turkey's Gezi protests(New Left Rev Ltd, 2014) Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Yörük, Erdem; Yüksel, Murat; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982; N/AN/APublication Metadata only Bringing registration into models of vote overreporting(Oxford Univ Press, 2007) Fullerton, Andrew S.; Borch, Casey; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Dixon, Jeffrey C.; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AVoting is a socially desirable act and a basic form of political participation in the United States. This social desirability sometimes leads respondents in surveys, such as the National Election Study (NES), to claim to have voted when they did not. The methodology of previous studies assumes that people only overreport voting and that the sample of potential overreporters (i.e., nonvalidated voters) is not systematically different from the sample of potential voters. In this research note, we explore several different ways of examining the determinants of overreporting at two different stages (registering and voting) and with a consideration for selection bias. Comparing the traditional probit model used in previous research with sequential and heckit probit models, we find that the determinants of overreporting registering and voting differ substantially. In addition, there is a significant selection effect at the registration stage of overreporting. We conclude with a discussion of contemporary implications for pre-election polling and the postelection analysis of survey data.Publication Metadata only O longo verão da Turquia: entendendo o levante Gezi(Centro Brasileiro de Analise e Planejamento (CEBRAP), 2013) Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Yörük, Erdem; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982Uprising in Turkey, providing a portrayal of the recent history of the country. The article analyzes the unfolding of accumulated grievances and resulting grassroots struggles in Turkey during the last year preceding the Gezi Uprising. Then, the article employs the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy as a mechanism that transformed and united various struggles into a single nationwide uprising. The second half of the article compares the protests in Turkey and Brazil, placing the differences and similarities into a broader political and historical context.Publication Metadata only The social impact of the 2008 Global Economic Crisis on neighborhoods, households, and individuals in Turkey(Springer, 2015) Aytaç, Işık A.; İbikoğlu, Arda; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Rankin, Bruce; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AThis paper deals with the social impact of the 2008 global economic crisis on urban Turkey. Empirical evidence drawn from recently collected survey data using a multi-stage, stratified, random cluster sample illustrates the extent to which the economic crisis was also a social crisis. Analyses of three different levels-the neighborhood, household, and individual-highlight multiple detrimental effects, as seen in increased neighborhood social problems, household economic hardship and associated coping strategies, and individual mental and physical health problems. While post-crisis economic hardship, as measured by job loss, earnings reduction, and underemployment, was wide-spread, lower socioeconomic groups, renters, and Kurdish households suffered more. Economic hardship was also associated with a range of household coping strategies, both of which represent potential longer-term secondary social impacts, particularly in the Turkish context, when government safety nets are weak and families are left to fend for themselves. If appropriate measures are not taken, the long-term effects may go beyond the current generation of workers to affect the future wellbeing of vulnerable groups.Publication Metadata only How the west came to rule: the geopolitical origins of capitalism(Cambridge Univ Press, 2017) Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Gürel, Burak; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 219277N/APublication Metadata only Unemployment, economic strain and family distress: The ımpact of the 2001 economic crisis(Homer Academic Publ House, 2008) Aytac, Isik A.; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Rankin, Bruce; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AThis essay focuses on economic hardship in the wake of the 2001 economic crisis and the impact of the resulting economic strain on individual and family distress (i.e., stress, emotional distress, physical health, and marital problems). Previous research on the impact of the economic crisis in Turkey has relied on small and non-representative samples or was limited to descriptive analyses. This research analyzes a nationally representative sample of 1,107 urban households using multivariate techniques. The OLS regression results show that, while the negative effects of the economic crisis were widely felt, those who lost their jobs, had a longer duration of unemployment, and who experienced higher levels of economic strain were affected most. Economic hardship and high and increasing levels of economic strain had a strong negative effect on perceived stress levels, emotional distress, physical health problems and marital problems. Renters were particularly hard hit by the crisis and report more strain and personal distress than non-renters.Publication Metadata only Economic crises and the social structuring of economic hardship: the impact of the 2001 Turkish crisis(Cambridge Univ Press, 2011) N/A; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Rankin, Bruce; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/ADrawing on a growing cross-national literature on the social impact of economic crises, this paper investigates the social structuring of economic hardship among urban households in Turkey following the 2001 economic crisis. My goal is to compare the Turkish crisis to other recent crises, particularly in Latin America and Asia, and to assess competing claims about the vulnerability of different social groups. Using data from the study entitled Turkish Family Life under Siege a nationally representative sample of urban households of work-aged married couples the results paint a picture of widespread social devastation as measured by key labor market outcomes: job loss, unemployment duration, earnings instability, and under-employment. The findings suggest that existing patterns of social inequality related to class and status education, age, ethnicity, and occupation were reinforced and exacerbated by the 2001 macro-economic crisis. In contrast to claims that the impact was skewed towards higher socio-economic groups, the brunt of the 2001 crisis was felt by disadvantaged social groups with few assets to buffer economic hardship. Economic hardship was higher among labor force participants who are younger, less educated, male, Kurdish-speakers, private-sector employees, and residents of non-central regions. I discuss the implications with respect to the previous research on economic crises, the role of Turkish contextual factors, and the need for social policy reform, particularly in the context of the current global economic crisis.
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