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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/3
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Publication Metadata only Discrete memories of a continuous world: a working memory perspective on event segmentation(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Güler, Berna; Uysal, Bilge; Günseli, Eren; Adıgüzel, Zeynep; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWe perceive the world in a continuum but remember our past as discrete episodic events. Dominant models of event segmentation suggest that prediction errors or contextual changes are the driving factors that parse continuous experiences into segmented events. These models propose working memory to hold a critical role in event segmentation, yet the particular functioning of working memory that underlies segmented episodic memories remains unclear. Here, we first review the literature regarding the factors that result in the segmentation of episodic memories. Next, we discuss the role of working memory under two possible models regarding how it represents information within each event and suggest experimental predictions. Clarifying the contributions of working memory to event segmentation is important to improve our understanding of the structure of episodic memories.Publication Metadata only Complementing the united states household food security survey module with items reflecting social unacceptability(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Frongillo, Edward A; Bethancourt, Hilary J; Norcini Pala, Andrea; Maya, Sigal; Wu, Katherine C; Kizer, Jorge R; Tien, Phyllis C; Kempf, Mirjam-Colette; Hanna, David B; Appleton, Allison A; Merenstein, Daniel; D'Souza, Gypsyamber; Ofotokun, Igho; Konkle-Parker, Deborah; Michos, Erin D; Krier, Sarah; Stosor, Valentina; Weiser, Sheri D; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesBackground: Social unacceptability of food access is part of the lived experience of food insecurity but is not assessed as part of the United States Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM). Objectives: The objectives were as follows: 1) to determine the psychometric properties of 2 additional items on social unacceptability in relation to the HFSSM items and 2) to test whether these 2 items provided added predictive accuracy to that of the HFSSM items for mental health outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional data used were from the Intersection of Material-Need Insecurities and HIV and Cardiovascular Health substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study. Data on the 10-item HFSSM and 2 new items reflecting social unacceptability were collected between Fall 2020 and Fall 2021 from 1342 participants from 10 United States cities. The 2 social unacceptability items were examined psychometrically in relation to the HFSSM-10 items using models from item response theory. Linear and logistic regression was used to examine prediction of mental health measured by the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. Results: The social unacceptability items were affirmed throughout the range of severity of food insecurity but with increasing frequency at higher severity of food insecurity. From item response theory models, the subconstructs reflected in the HFSSM-10 and the subconstruct of social unacceptability were distinct, not falling into one dimension. Regression models confirmed that social unacceptability was distinct from the subconstructs reflected in the HFSSM-10. The social unacceptability items as a separate scale explained more (∼1%) variation in mental health than when combined with the HFSSM-10 items in a single scale, and the social unacceptability subconstruct explained more (∼1%) variation in mental health not explained by the HFSSM-10. Conclusions: Two social unacceptability items used as a separate scale along with the HFSSM-10 predicted mental health more accurately than did the HFSSM-10 alone.Publication Metadata only How does poverty stigma affect depression symptoms for women living with HIV? longitudinal mediating and moderating mechanisms(Springer, 2023) Kempf, Mirjam-Colette; Konkle-Parker, Deborah; Wilson, Tracey E.; Tien, Phyllis C.; Wingood, Gina; Neilands, Torsten B.; Johnson, Mallory O.; Logie, Carmen H.; Weiser, Sheri D.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Turan, Janet Molzan; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; School of MedicineIn a sample of women living with HIV, we examined whether individual traits fear of negative evaluation and resilience moderate the internalization of poverty stigma that these women experience from others. We also examined the downstream effects of these processes on depression symptoms using moderated serial mediation analyses. Data were collected annually for 4 years (2016-2020; T1, T2, T3, and T4) from 369 women living with HIV at 4 US cities using validated measures. Moderation effects were evaluated examining simple slopes at one standard deviation above and below the mean of the moderator. In all mediation analyses utilizing bootstrapping, we used the independent variable measured at T1, the mediators measured at subsequent visits (T2 and T3), and the outcome at the last visit (T4) to preserve the temporal sequence among the independent variable, mediators, and outcome variable. We also adjusted for T1 values of all mediators and outcome variables in analyses. Women with stronger fears of negative evaluation by others or lower dispositional resilience had stronger associations between experienced poverty stigma and internalized poverty stigma. Internalized poverty stigma (T2) mediated the association between experienced poverty stigma (T1) and depression symptoms (T4); this mediated association was moderated by fear of negative evaluation and resilience (T1). Finally, internalized poverty stigma (T2) and avoidance coping (T3) were serial mediators in the association between experienced poverty stigma (T1) and depression symptoms (T4), moderated by fear of negative evaluation and resilience. Understanding factors that minimize internalization of stigma and buffer its negative effects on mental health can inform interventions to improve health outcomes of individuals with stigmatized conditions.Publication Metadata only A Bayesian network analysis to examine the effects of HIV stigma processes on self-concept and depressive symptoms among persons living with HIV(Wiley, 2024) Pala, Andrea Norcini; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesObjective: This study examines the relationships between HIV stigma dimensions, self-related mechanisms, and depressive symptoms among persons living with HIV. Background: HIV stigma hinders the well-being of individuals living with HIV, which is linked to depressive symptoms and increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying stigma's impact on depression are poorly understood. Psychosocial theories propose that experiencing HIV stigma leads to internalized stigma, impacting self-concept and mental health. Method: Using Bayesian network analysis, we explored associations among HIV stigma processes (experienced, anticipated, internalized, perceived community stigma, and HIV status disclosure) and self-related mechanisms (self-esteem, fear of negative evaluation [FNE], self-blame coping, and social exclusion), and depressive symptoms. Results: Our diverse sample of 204 individuals, primarily men, gay/bisexual, Black, and lower-middle SES, who experienced stigma showed increased anticipated, internalized, and perceived community stigma, FNE, and depressive symptoms. Internalized stigma contributed to self-blame coping and higher depressive symptoms. Anticipated and perceived community stigma and FNE correlated with increased social exclusion. Discussion: This study investigates potential mechanisms through which HIV stigma may impact depression. Identifying these mechanisms establishes a foundation for future research to inform targeted interventions, enhancing mental health and HIV outcomes among individuals living with HIV, especially from minority backgrounds. Insights gained guide evidence-based interventions to mitigate HIV stigma's detrimental effects, ultimately improving overall well-being and health-related outcomes for people with HIV.Publication Metadata only Perceived threat, compassion, and public evaluations toward refugees(WILEY, 2024) Erişen, Cengiz; Department of International Relations; Uysal, Duygu Merve; Department of International Relations; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesScholarly research on emotions tackles various domains, among which opposition to immigration ranks as socially and politically critical. While earlier literature captures distinct aspects of this domain, certain emotions are less studied than others, primarily compassion. By focusing on the unique role of compassion in comparison with anger and anxiety, we tackle how and under which conditions compassion changes social distancing and political preferences regarding refugees. Drawing on representative data collected in Turkey-the country with the highest number of Syrian refugees-we test whether feelings of compassion toward refugees can hold back the escalation in opposition to immigration as a result of heightened threat. Our results show that compassion functions as the key to lowering the negative effects of perceived threat in shaping refugees' social and political integration.Publication Metadata only Details in hand: how does gesturing relate to autobiographical memory?(Routledge, 2024) Güneş Acar, Naziye; Tekcan, Ali İ.; Department of Psychology; Göksun, Tilbe; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesGestures are an integral and inseparable component of speech and people frequently use gestures when retelling their autobiographical memories. This study investigates whether gestures are associated with the retrieval of episodically and phenomenologically rich memories and how this association changes during development. Thirty-five children and 46 adults were asked to report autobiographical memories. Then, they rated the recalled memories on phenomenological qualities. Episodic and non-episodic details of autobiographical memories and representational gestures produced during memory narration were coded. The use of representational gestures was positively correlated with the episodic details of adult memories; however, the same correlation was not present in child memories. The representational gesture use was not associated with the phenomenological qualities in both groups. Gesture use may be related to the retrieval of autobiographical memories, particularly in adults capable of reporting long, coherent memories.Publication Metadata only The emotion of disgust is associated with pediatric OCD depending on the level of harm avoidance(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Walia, Gurpreet Singh; Cheng, Szu-Chi; Cepeda, Ximena Cors; Vega, Catalina De Leon; Atahanov, Kerim; Grados, Marco A.; Bakır, Çiçek Nur; School of MedicineObjectives: The emotion of disgust is a risk factor for obsessive-compulsive symptoms and traits. The role of the temperamental trait of harm avoidance, which predisposes to heightened anxiety, in mediating this relationship has not been studied in youth. This study examines the role harm avoidance in modulating the association of disgust with OCD. Methods: A pediatric OCD registry enrolled 59 youth with OCD, Tourette’s disorder, ADHD, or anxiety disorders. Disgust was measured using the Children’s Disgust Scale (CDS), an 18-item normed quantitative scale divided into affective disgust and avoidance disgust. The Leyton Obsessional Inventory Child Version (LOI-CV), a 20-item self-report measure, assessed obsessive-compulsive symptoms/traits. Median-split high-low LOI-CV groups and LOI-CV subscales (LOI-obsessions, LOI-contamination, LOI-numbers, LOI-perfectionism) were created. Harm avoidance was derived from the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), a 108-item parent self-report assay. Student t tests compared disgust total, affective, and avoidance scores in high-low LOI-CV groups and subscales. High-low harm avoidance groups were used to repeat the analyses, to determine if harm avoidance levels influence results. Results: A total of 59 youth ages 7 to 17 years (12.9 ± 2.8), 44% female, and 79% White formed low LOI-CV (n = 31) and high LOI-CV (n = 28) groups. Affective disgust ( p = .01), avoidance disgust ( p = .06), and total disgust scores ( p = .009) are significantly higher in the high LOI-CV stratum. Three subscales are also higher in the high LOI-CV group: LOI-obsessions ( p = .03), LOI-contamination ( p = .002), and LOI-perfectionism ( p = .02). When divided into harm avoidance strata, the high harm avoidance stratum had significant LOI-CV total ( p = .06) and LOI-contamination ( p = .001), while the low harm avoidance stratum had significant LOI-contamination ( p = .01) and LOI-perfectionism ( p = .03). Conclusions: Disgust measures are associated with LOI-CV obsessive-compulsive symptoms/traits across all LOI-CV subscales. However, high harm avoidance is more strongly associated with LOI-contamination (symptom), whereas low harm avoidance is associated with perfectionism (trait). Harm avoidance modulates the relationship between disgust and OCD symptoms/traits.Publication Metadata only Storytelling used in combination to a relaxing virtual reality experience for children with cancer: a feasibility study(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Konakci, Belgin; Bakır, Çiçek Nur; Canbaz, Ata Alpay; Erden, Selin Ece; Genç, Herdem Aslan; Mutluer, Tuba; School of Medicine; Koç University HospitalObjectives: Complementary treatments as a distraction in medical procedures are used in pediatric oncology patients because they are subjected to anxiety and distress. This study examined the feasibility of virtual reality (VR) and storytelling as a distraction and relaxation for children with cancer. Methods: Patients aged 6 to 17 years speaking fluent Turkish, having a diagnosis or recurrence of cancer (with no central nervous system involvement) within a year, and receiving chemotherapy for more than a month, were recruited. Baseline tests were given to children (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL], Cancer Module and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children) and parents (PedsQL-parent module and Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]). Participants either received a 7-minute immersive wild dolphin VR session or VR and a 5-minute storytelling before or after the VR session for 4 sessions within a month. Visual analog scales (1-10 for nausea, fatigue, and distress) were used before and after the intervention. Results: Of 39 invited patients, 27 (70%) were interested (11.29 ± 3.55 years old; 48% female). Four patients dropped out of the study due to nausea, fatigue, and/or loss of interest. Fourteen patients were recruited to the storytelling group. Two patients were discharged from the hospital during the study. Forty-nine sessions were completed. Patients reported an average of 0.67 (±1.46), 0.43 (±1.76), and 0.24 (±0.76) points of decrease in their fatigue, distress, and nausea, respectively. Although there has not been an observed change in fatigue ( p = .32) and distress ( p = .32) between the VR-only and storytelling groups, there was a significant decrease in nausea (0.81 vs 2.41; p = .04). The majority of the participants mentioned to like (96%), recommend (92%), and be interested in repeating (80%) the intervention. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the feasibility of combining storytelling with VR as a distraction and relaxation method in decreasing distress, nausea, and fatigue in pediatric oncology patients. The results demonstrated that children adhere to the VR experience with storytelling, and likability of the intervention is high with potential benefits. Further explorations of these techniques may lead to more effective and personalized strategies to support the well-being of these patients.Publication Metadata only Attitudes of medical students toward sexual minorities: a multicentric survey from the Medical Education without Discrimination Project(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2024) Bayramlar, Osman Faruk; Nalbant, Hacer; Yasin, Yesim; Mardin, Deniz; Karabey, Selma; Kayı, İlker; School of MedicineThis study, as a part of the 'Medical Education without Discrimination (MED) Project," focuses on investigating attitudes toward sexual minorities and demographics among Turkish medical students. In the needs assessment phase of MED Project, a survey covering demographics, sexual orientation, attitudes toward sexual minorities, and Index of Attitudes Toward Homosexuals by Hudson & Ricketts (6-point Likert) was conducted among 523 medical students of one public and two nonprofit private medical schools in Istanbul. Of the students, 4.2% declared themselves as non-heterosexual. The findings highlight that medical students are on the verge of homophobia (44th percentile). Homophobia was significantly higher among public university students, males, younger individuals, those who originated from underdeveloped settlements, those who grew up with mothers who did not graduate from university, those who considered themselves less happy, and those without LGBTI+ acquaintances. Of the respondents, 14.1% do not perceive LGBTI+ people as equals within the community, and 75.7% assert that they would conceal their own LGBTI+ identity if they were part of this community. This study highlights that the need for targeted interventions in medical education in line with the global commitment to reduce inequalities and promote inclusive health care.Publication Metadata only Comparison of machine learning algorithms for beck depression inventory measured depression status classification(Cambridge Univ Press, 2023) Okan, A; Department of Psychology;Department of Computer Engineering; Ballı, Muhammed; Gürsan, Necmettin Ömer; Gülgöz, Sami; Eser, Hale Yapıcı; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; School of Medicine; College of Engineering; Graduate School of Health Sciences