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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/3
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Publication Metadata only Development and preliminary validation of the PrEP empowerment scale(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2023) Crockett, Kaylee B.; Batey, D. Scott; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesInformed by the Health Care Empowerment Model, a measure of PrEP Empowerment was developed and assessed for preliminary reliability and validity. Participants (N = 100) were invited to complete a survey during regular clinic visits. A subset (n = 84) volunteered to provide blood samples to assess plasma tenofovir (TFV) levels for recent PrEP adherence. A five-factor measure explained 70% of the total variance. Associations with internalized PrEP stigma, PrEP adherence self-efficacy, and plasma TFV were assessed. Results supported the multidimensional nature of PrEP Empowerment and reliability and validity. Additional research is needed in populations with varying PrEP experience and greater gender and ethnic representation.Publication Metadata only The relationship between HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis stigma and treatment adherence among current HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis users in the Southeastern US(Springer, 2023) Van Gerwen, Olivia T.; Yigit, Ibrahim; Crockett, Kaylee B.; Department of Psychology; Turan, Bülent; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesDespite efficacy in HIV prevention, Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is underutilized in the US, especially among populations at highest risk. PrEP-related stigma may play a role. We developed measures of PrEP-related stigma dimensions and PrEP adherence. We administered them to current PrEP users. We hypothesized that PrEP-related stigma would negatively impact PrEP adherence. Questionnaire measures were developed using data from previous qualitative work and existing validated HIV-related stigma measures. The resultant survey was administered to current PrEP users from two Birmingham, Alabama PrEP clinics. Plasma tenofovir disoproxil fumarate levels were collected to measure PrEP adherence. Exploratory factor analyses were performed to determine the factor structure of each PrEP-related stigma dimension (internalized, perceived, experienced, anticipated, disclosure concerns). Separate binary logistic (or linear) regressions were performed to assess associations between PrEP-related stigma dimensions and adherence (treatment adherence self-efficacy, self-reported adherence, and plasma tenofovir levels), adjusting for education, race, and time on PrEP. In 2018, 100 participants completed the survey, with 91 identifying as male and 66 as white. Only internalized stigma was associated with lower self-reported PrEP adherence. Exploratory mediation analyses suggested that the association between all stigma dimensions and self-reported PrEP adherence is mediated by PrEP adherence self-efficacy. No associations were found between any PrEP-related stigma measures and plasma tenofovir levels. Internalized PrEP stigma may reduce PrEP adherence, possibly by reducing PrEP adherence self-efficacy among experienced PrEP users. Further investigation of how stigma dimensions affect PrEP adherence in populations at risk for HIV may shed light on drivers of PrEP underutilization.Publication Metadata only Consciousness as objective activity: a historical-genetic approach(Guilford Publications Inc, 2011) Department of Philosophy; Azeri, Siyaveş; Faculty Member; Department of Philosophy; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AMental phenomena and consciousness can be located in sign and in language. Since these latter belong to the objective world of human interaction, consciousness emerges as a part of objectivity. A sign is the product of the interaction between consciousnesses. Thus, admitting the existence of the sign presumes the existence of action. Activity is a social phenomenon; thus, it is objective. It is the objectivization of human needs and desires as production and reproduction of these needs in society. Human consciousness emerges as co-knowing or co-consciousness through linguistic activity. Consciousness as co-knowing emphasizes the genesis of human subjectivity not as a mere assertion but as something the existence of which is to be shown. Consciousness and selfhood, thus, appear as objective, mediating but subjective action. In this view, the self is emancipated consciousness. Therefore, the psyche emerges as the subjective image of objectivity.Publication Metadata only Internationalization of finance capital in Spain and Turkey: neoliberal globalization and the political economy of state policies(Cambridge Univ Press, 2012) N/A; N/A; Kutlay, Mustafa; PhD Student; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AThis study applies the proactive/reactive state framework to the transformation of Spanish and Turkish finance capital in a comparative perspective. It concludes that the "proactive" policies pursued by the Spanish state and the strategic coalition established between political elites and the integrationist segments of finance capital resulted in the heterodox internationalization of Spanish firms, whereas the "reactive" state policies in Turkey, designed in line with orthodox neoliberal dictums, paved the way for an incomplete internationalization. The 2007/2008 crisis, however, demonstrates that the same state may be both proactive and reactive across various policy fields over time. The recent Spanish financial crisis and Turkey's regulatory success after 2001 illustrate this point.Publication Metadata only Introduction to "acculturation theory, research and application: working with and for communities"(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2010) Ward, Colleen; Department of Psychology; Kağıtçıbaşı, Çiğdem; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AThe paper counters the claim that current acculturation research has very little practical utility and provides an overview of the special issue on “Acculturation Theory, Research and Application: Working with and for Communities.” The overview indicates that community-based research is widespread and that although it is characterized by a diversity of locations, populations and investigative methods, the studies share common objectives of empowering acculturating individuals and communities, enhancing social integration and psychological well being, and improving interpersonal and intergroup relations.Publication Metadata only Pay-for-performance plans(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) N/A; Department of Business Administration; Faculty Member; Department of Business Administration; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; N/AN/APublication Metadata only Welfare provision as political containment: the politics of social assistance and the Kurdish conflict in Turkey(Sage, 2012) Department of Sociology; Yörük, Erdem; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982Can we argue that pressures generated from grassroots politics are responsible for the rapid expansion and ethnically/racially uneven distribution of social assistance programs in emerging economies? This article analyzes the Turkish case and shows that social assistance programs in Turkey are directed disproportionately to the Kurdish minority and to the Kurdish region of Turkey, especially to the internally displaced Kurds in urban and metropolitan areas. The article analyzes a cross-sectional dataset generated by a 10,386-informant stratified random sampling survey and controls for possibly intervening socioeconomic factors and neighborhood-level fixed-effects. The results show that high ethnic disparity in social assistance is not due to higher poverty among Kurds. Rather, Kurdish ethnic identity is the main determinant of the access to social assistance. This result yields substantive support to argue that the Turkish government uses social assistance to contain the Kurdish unrest in Turkey. The Turkish government seems to give social assistance not simply where the people become poor, but where the poor become politicized. This provides support for Fox Piven and Cloward's thesis that relief for the poor is driven by social unrest, rather than social need. The article concludes that similar hypotheses may hold true for other emerging economies, where similar types of social assistance programs have recently expanded significantly and have been directed to ethnic/racial groups.Publication Metadata only The social impact of the 2008 Global Economic Crisis on neighborhoods, households, and individuals in Turkey(Springer, 2015) Aytaç, Işık A.; İbikoğlu, Arda; Department of Sociology; Rankin, Bruce; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AThis paper deals with the social impact of the 2008 global economic crisis on urban Turkey. Empirical evidence drawn from recently collected survey data using a multi-stage, stratified, random cluster sample illustrates the extent to which the economic crisis was also a social crisis. Analyses of three different levels-the neighborhood, household, and individual-highlight multiple detrimental effects, as seen in increased neighborhood social problems, household economic hardship and associated coping strategies, and individual mental and physical health problems. While post-crisis economic hardship, as measured by job loss, earnings reduction, and underemployment, was wide-spread, lower socioeconomic groups, renters, and Kurdish households suffered more. Economic hardship was also associated with a range of household coping strategies, both of which represent potential longer-term secondary social impacts, particularly in the Turkish context, when government safety nets are weak and families are left to fend for themselves. If appropriate measures are not taken, the long-term effects may go beyond the current generation of workers to affect the future wellbeing of vulnerable groups.Publication Metadata only How the west came to rule: the geopolitical origins of capitalism(Cambridge Univ Press, 2017) Department of Sociology; Gürel, Burak; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 219277N/APublication Metadata only Toward a theory of pernicious polarization and how it harms democracies: comparative evidence and possible remedies(Sage, 2019) Mccoy, Jennifer; Department of International Relations; Somer, Murat; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 110135This article compares the dynamics of polarization in the eleven case studies analyzed in this special issue to draw conclusions about antecedents of severe political and societal polarization, the characteristics and mechanisms of such polarization, and consequences of severe polarization for democracy. We find that the emergence of pernicious polarization (when a society is split into mutually distrustful "Us vs. Them" camps) is not attributable to any specific underlying social or political cleavage nor any particular institutional make-up. Instead, pernicious polarization arises when political entrepreneurs pursue their political objectives by using polarizing strategies, such as mobilizing voters with divisive, demonizing discourse and exploiting existing grievances, and opposing political elites then reciprocate with similarly polarizing tactics or fail to develop effective nonpolarizing responses. We explain how the political construction of polarization around "formative rifts" (social or political rifts that arise during the fundamental formation/reformation of a nation-state), the relative capacity of opposing political blocs to mobilize voters versus relying on mechanisms such as courts or the military to constrain the executive, and the strategic and ideological aims of the polarizing actors contribute to the emergence of its pernicious form. We analyze the consequences for democracy and conclude with reflections on how to combat pernicious polarization.
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