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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/3
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Publication Metadata only Do bilingual adults gesture when they are disfluent?: understanding gesture-speech interaction across first and second languages(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Department of Psychology; Göksun, Tilbe; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesPeople are more disfluent in their second language (L2) than their first language (L1). Gesturing facilitates cognitive processes, including speech production. This study investigates speech disfluency and representational gesture production across Turkish-English bilinguals' L1 (Turkish) and L2 (English) through a narrative retelling task (N = 27). Results showed that people were more disfluent and used more representational gestures in English. Controlling for L2 proficiency, people were still more disfluent in English. The more people were proficient in L2, the more they used gestures in that language. Similarly, disfluency-gesture co-occurrences were more common in English. L2 proficiency was positively correlated with the likelihood of a disfluency being accompanied by a gesture. These findings suggest that gestures may not necessarily compensate for weak language skills. Rather, people might gesture during disfluent moments if they can detect their errors, suggesting a close link between representational gestures and language competency in benefiting from gestures when disfluent.Publication Metadata only Influences of early and intense L2 exposure on L1 causal verb production: comparison of 5-, 7-, and 9-year-old bilingual and monolingual children(SAGE Publications, 2024) Aktan-Erciyes, Asli; Ger, Ebru; Department of Psychology; Göksun, Tilbe; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThis study investigates the influences of early and intense L2 exposure on children's L1 causative verb production, assessed by an experimental causative verb production task. Turkish expresses causality by morphological and lexical means, whereas English does so by periphrastic and lexical means. Learning L2 English might enhance L1 Turkish causative verb production by highlighting the parallels and contrasts in causal expressions between the languages, which may result in an enriched L1 causative use. Five-, 7 -, and 9-year-old L1-Turkish L2-English bilingual (n = 80) and L1-Turkish monolingual (n = 80) children participated in the study in L1-Turkish. Results indicated that language group differences only emerged for the use of morphological causative verbs in favor of 5-year-old bilinguals compared with monolingual peers. Age group differences occurred only for the monolingual group and only for morphological verbs. Specifically, monolingual 7- and 9-year-olds performed better than monolingual 5-year-olds. Causative verb-type differences were only seen for 5-year-old monolinguals, who performed better for lexical than morphological verbs; in contrast, 5-year-old bilinguals performed equally well on the two types of causatives, and better than 5-year-old monolinguals on morphological causatives. Overall, these findings indicate that learning an L2 with structural similarities and differences compared with L1 might enhance children's awareness and correct use of causal linguistic structures.Publication Metadata only Shared secrets: (re)writing urban mysteries in nineteenth-century Istanbul(Edinburgh Univ Press, 2023) Şimşek, Sehnaz Sismanoglu; Charriere, Etienne; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED); ;[No abstract available]Publication Metadata only Details in hand: how does gesturing relate to autobiographical memory?(Routledge, 2024) Güneş Acar, Naziye; Tekcan, Ali İ.; Department of Psychology; Göksun, Tilbe; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesGestures are an integral and inseparable component of speech and people frequently use gestures when retelling their autobiographical memories. This study investigates whether gestures are associated with the retrieval of episodically and phenomenologically rich memories and how this association changes during development. Thirty-five children and 46 adults were asked to report autobiographical memories. Then, they rated the recalled memories on phenomenological qualities. Episodic and non-episodic details of autobiographical memories and representational gestures produced during memory narration were coded. The use of representational gestures was positively correlated with the episodic details of adult memories; however, the same correlation was not present in child memories. The representational gesture use was not associated with the phenomenological qualities in both groups. Gesture use may be related to the retrieval of autobiographical memories, particularly in adults capable of reporting long, coherent memories.Publication Metadata only Bilingual false recognition: examining inferences and language tagging in the dual-language context(Sage, 2024) Department of Psychology; Yurtsever, Aslı; Göksun, Tilbe; Gülgöz, Sami; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesPurpose: Inference-making is a critical process in understanding and processing information daily. People synthesize inputs into a whole and retain the whole (gist) instead of specific parts (verbatim). False recognition of inferred information offers evidence for it. We conducted two studies to examine whether memory errors occurred similarly when bilinguals were tested separately and concurrently on two languages, and whether bilinguals remembered the language in which the information was received (language tag).Methodology: We recruited Turkish native speakers who spoke English as a second language. After inducing spatial inferences about objects, we tested participants on configuration, sentence recognition, and language recognition in Turkish, English, and dual-language conditions. We measured their second language proficiency and executive functioning with standardized assessments.Data and analysis: We performed within-subjects analyses of covariance to investigate the within-language differences in sentence recognition and the role of individual cognitive differences (N = 34 in Experiment 1, N = 48 in Experiment 2).Findings: Experiment 1 showed that inferences were falsely recognized in L1 (Turkish) and L2 (English) conditions, but not in the dual-language. We found no effect of individual cognitive differences. In Experiment 2, we replicated Experiment 1 and found that false recognition of inferred sentences was predicted more by lower executive functions (EF) scores and higher second language proficiency. In both experiments, participants accurately identified the language tag. Higher EF scores predicted higher tag accuracy. We conclude that inferring information in the second language induces memory errors, and inferences are tagged with the language of encoding.Originality: We used an ecologically valid sentence-level paradigm to test inferences and their connection to bilingual false memories in the second language and dual-language contexts. We explored the individual differences in language and cognitive abilities.Significance: Bilingual information processing is influenced significantly by exposure to stimuli, task difficulty, the language context, and language proficiency.Publication Metadata only The effect of foreign language and psychological distance on moral judgment in Turkish-English bilinguals(Cambridge Univ Press, 2023) C. Brouwer, Susanne; Department of Psychology; Yavuz, Melisa; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesPeople's judgements differ systematically while reading moral dilemmas in their native or their foreign language. This so-called Foreign Language Effect (FLE) has been found in many language pairs when tested with artificial, sacrificial moral dilemmas (i.e., Trolley and Footbridge). In Experiment 1, we investigated whether the FLE can be replicated in Turkish (native) - English (foreign) bilinguals using the same dilemmas (N = 203). These unrealistic and decontextualized dilemmas have been criticized for providing low external validity. Therefore, in Experiment 2, we (1) tested bilinguals with realistic scenarios which included the protagonist's age as a source of identity (child, adult, neutral), and (2) investigated the FLE in these scenarios (N = 467). Our results revealed that the FLE was not present in Turkish-English bilinguals, tested either on sacrificial dilemmas or realistic scenarios. Psychological distance of the scenarios, protagonists' age and the perceived age similarity with the protagonist affected moral judgments.Publication Metadata only GECTurk: grammatical error correction and detection dataset for Turkish(Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023) Department of Computer Engineering; Kara, Atakan; Sofian, Farrin Marouf; Yong-Xern Bond, Andrew; Şahin, Gözde Gül; Department of Computer Engineering; College of Engineering; Graduate School of Sciences and EngineeringGrammatical Error Detection and Correction (GEC) tools have proven useful for native speakers and second language learners. Developing such tools requires a large amount of parallel, annotated data, which is unavailable for most languages. Synthetic data generation is a common practice to overcome the scarcity of such data. However, it is not straightforward for morphologically rich languages like Turkish due to complex writing rules that require phonological, morphological, and syntactic information. In this work, we present a flexible and extensible synthetic data generation pipeline for Turkish covering more than 20 expert-curated grammar and spelling rules (a.k.a., writing rules) implemented through complex transformation functions. Using this pipeline, we derive 130,000 high-quality parallel sentences from professionally edited articles. Additionally, we create a more realistic test set by manually annotating a set of movie reviews. We implement three baselines formulating the task as i) neural machine translation, ii) sequence tagging, and iii) prefix tuning with a pretrained decoder-only model, achieving strong results. Furthermore, we perform exhaustive experiments on out-of-domain datasets to gain insights on the transferability and robustness of the proposed approaches. Our results suggest that our corpus, GECTurk, is high-quality and allows knowledge transfer for the out-of-domain setting. To encourage further research on Turkish GEC, we release our datasets, baseline models, and the synthetic data generation pipeline at https://github.com/GGLAB-KU/gecturk.Publication Metadata only Turkish literature(Springer, 2018) Parla, Jale; Department of History; Department of Comparative Literature; Ertem, Özge; Uslu, Mehmet Fatih; Teaching Faculty; Faculty Member; Department of History; Department of Comparative Literature; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 37406My basic thesis about the cultural and epistemological significance of the theme of the fathers and sons has not changed over the years. The quest for a father as absolute authority continued to inform Turkish thought and literature, with only a few exceptional interludes as with the novels of the 1970s. It is, I feel, a mind-numbingly uninteresting phenomenon. Why? Because it has been the same for centuries-the quest for a father, the readiness to escape from freedom, the insecurity when faced with the possibility of a fatherless vacuum, and the need to fill it at all costs. In my subsequent work, I rethought and revisited the Tanzimat (Reorganization) period of 1839-1876, and I came to realize that certain themes that persist in the literary and cultural spheres-modernization, Westernization, issues concerning language reform-were taken up and debated much more judiciously and liberally back then, particularly when compared to the sectarian, prejudiced, and hostile debates of later periods. In this respect, I draw the line with the Servet-i Fünun (Wealth of Knowledge) period of 1891-1901, during which cultural and literary quarrels became harsher and were carried into the partisan disputes of the Republican era.Publication Metadata only Erratum: learning to use demonstratives in conversation: what do language specific strategies in Turkish reveal? (vol 33, pg 303, 2006)(Cambridge Univ Press, 2006) N/A; Department of Psychology; Department of Psychology; Küntay, Aylin C.; Özyürek, Aslı; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 178879; N/AN/APublication Metadata only The family in question: immigrant and ethnic minorities in multicultural Europe(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2011) N/A; Department of Psychology; Kağıtçıbaşı, Çiğdem; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AN/A