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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/6

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Department: search.filters.department.Department of Archeology and History of ArtSubject: search.filters.subject.Science and technology

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Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe
    (Nature Publishing Group (NPG), 2021) Rohrlach, A.B.; Papac, L.; Childebayeva, A.; Rivollat, M.; Villalba Mouco, V.; Neumann, G.U.; Penske, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; van de Loosdrecht, M.; Akar, M.; Boyadzhiev, K.; Boyadzhiev, Y.; Deguilloux, M.F.; Dobes, M.; Erdal, Y.S.; Ernée, M.; Frangipane, M.; Furmanek, M.; Friederich, S.; Ghesquière, E.; Ha?uszko, A.; Hansen, S.; Küßner, M.; Mannino, M.; Reinhold, S.; Rottier, S.; Salazar García, D.C.; Diaz, J.S.; Stockhammer, P.W.; de Togores Muñoz, C.R.; Yener, K.A.; Posth, C.; Krause, J.; Herbig, A.; Haak, W.; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Özbal, Rana; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 55583
    Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30 years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective. Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture assays such as the 1240 k, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield. Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the ""mappable"" regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240 k capture, YMCA significantly improves the mean coverage and number of sites covered on the NRY, increasing the number of Y-haplogroup informative SNPs, and allowing for the identification of previously undiscovered variants. To illustrate the power of YMCA, we show that the analysis of ancient Y-chromosome lineages can help to resolve Y-chromosomal haplogroups. As a case study, we focus on H2, a haplogroup associated with a critical event in European human history: the Neolithic transition. By disentangling the evolutionary history of this haplogroup, we further elucidate the two separate paths by which early farmers expanded from Anatolia and the Near East to western Europe.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication
    (Nature Portfolio, 2021) Yurtman, Erinç; Özer, Onur; Yüncü, Eren; Dağtaş, Nihan Dilşad; Koptekin, Dilek; Çakan, Yasin Gökhan; Özkan, Mustafa; Akbaba, Ali; Kaptan, Damla; Atağ, Gözde; Vural, Kıvılcım Başak; Gündem, Can Yümni; Martin, Louise; Kılınç, Gülşah Merve; Ghalichi, Ayshin; Açan, Sinan Can; Yaka, Reyhan; Sağlıcan, Ekin; Lagerholm, Vendela Kempe; Krzewinska, Maja; Gunther, Torsten; Miranda, Pedro Morell; Pişkin, Evangelia; Sevketoğlu, Müge; Bilgin, C. Can; Atakuman, Ciğdem; Erdal, Yılmaz Selim; Sürer, Elif; Altınışık, N. Ezgi; Lenstra, Johannes A.; Yorulmaz, Sevgi; Abazari, Mohammad Foad; Hoseinzadeh, Javad; Baird, Douglas; Bıcakcı, Erhan; Çevik, Özlem; Gerritsen, Fokke; Gotherstrom, Anders; Somel, Mehmet; Togan, İnci; Özer, Füsun; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Özbal, Rana; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 55583
    Sheep were among the first domesticated animals, but their demographic history is little understood. Here we analyzed nuclear polymorphism and mitochondrial data (mtDNA) from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating from Epipaleolithic to late Neolithic, comparatively with modern-day breeds and central Asian Neolithic/Bronze Age sheep (OBI). Analyzing ancient nuclear data, we found that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds relative to Asian breeds, a conclusion supported by mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. In contrast, OBI showed higher genetic affinity to present-day Asian breeds. These results suggest that the east-west genetic structure observed in present-day breeds had already emerged by 6000 BCE, hinting at multiple sheep domestication episodes or early wild introgression in southwest Asia. Furthermore, we found that ANS are genetically distinct from all modern breeds. Our results suggest that European and Anatolian domestic sheep gene pools have been strongly remolded since the Neolithic.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Eunuchs and the city: residences and real estate owned by vourt eunuchs in late sixteenth-century Istanbul
    (Istanbul Research Institute, 2021) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Dikici, Ayşe Ezgi; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities
    This article explores how the Ottoman court eunuchs engaged with the topography and population of Istanbul by examining the urban residences and other real estate endowed in the 1590s by four aghas representing different backgrounds and career tracks across the court eunuch spectrum. Using evidence gleaned from their endowment deeds and other documents, it attempts to reconstruct their immediate living environments and map their property ownership across the cityscape, reflecting on the spatial distribution and concentration areas of their real estate, the continuities and changes in their residential patterns, as well as how their career tracks, family members, friends, and other connections informed their proprietorship. / Bu makale, Osmanlı saray hadımlarının İstanbul’un topografyası ve nüfusuyla nasıl bir ilişki kurduğunu incelemek amacıyla, çeşitlilik gösteren bu grup içerisinde farklı köken ve kariyer geçmişlerini temsil eden dört ağanın 1590’larda vakfettiği şehir içi konutları ve diğer emlaki mercek altına alıyor. Ağaların vakfiyeleri ile diğer belgelerden elde edilen izleri takip ederek onların bizzat içinde yaşadıkları ortamı yeniden kurmaya ve edindikleri mülkleri şehir peyzajı üzerinde haritalandırmaya çalışıyor. Bunu yaparken de mülklerinin mekânsal dağılımı ve yoğunlaştığı alanlar ile ikamet örüntülerindeki süreklilik ve değişimlerüzerine düşünmeyi, bir yandan da meslek hayatlarının, aile üyelerinin, dostlarının ve diğer bağlarının, hadımların kendi mülkiyetleri üzerinde nasıl bir etkisi olduğunu anlamayı amaçlıyor.