Publications with Fulltext
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/6
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Publication Open Access Born-digital logistics: impacts of 3D recording on archaeological workflow, training, and interpretation(De Gruyter Open, 2021) Scott, Catherine B.; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Nobles, Gary; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED); College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235115; 235112; N/ADigital technologies have been at the heart of fieldwork at the Kaymakçı Archaeological Project (KAP) since its beginning in 2014. All data on this excavation are born-digital, from textual, photographic, and videographic descriptions of contexts and objects in a database and excavation journals to 2D plans and profiles as well as 3D volumetric recording of contexts. The integration of structure from motion (SfM) modeling and its various products has had an especially strong impact on how project participants interact with the archaeological record during and after excavation. While this technology opens up many new possibilities for data recording, analysis, and presentation, it can also present challenges when the requirements of the recording system come into conflict with an archaeologist's training and experience. Here, we consider the benefits and costs of KAP's volumetric recording system. We explore the ways that recording protocols for image-based modeling change how archaeologists see and manage excavation areas and how the products of this recording system are revolutionizing our interaction with the (digital) archaeological record. We also share some preliminary plans for how we intend to expand this work in the future.Publication Open Access The Chalcolithic of Southeast Anatolia(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2012) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Özbal, Rana; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 55583Publication Open Access Bioarchaeology of Neolithic Çatalhöyük reveals fundamental transitions in health, mobility, and lifestyle in early farmers(National Academy of Sciences, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Haddow, Scott Donald; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThe transition from a human diet based exclusively on wild plants and animals to one involving dependence on domesticated plants and animals beginning 10,000 to 11,000 y ago in Southwest Asia set into motion a series of profound health, lifestyle, social, and economic changes affecting human populations throughout most of the world. However, the social, cultural, behavioral, and other factors surrounding health and lifestyle associated with the foraging-to-farming transition are vague, owing to an incomplete or poorly understood contextual archaeological record of living conditions. Bioarchaeological investigation of the extraordinary record of human remains and their context from Neolithic Çatalhöyük (7100–5950 cal BCE), a massive archaeological site in south-central Anatolia (Turkey), provides important perspectives on population dynamics, health outcomes, behavioral adaptations, interpersonal conflict, and a record of community resilience over the life of this single early farming settlement having the attributes of a protocity. Study of Çatalhöyük human biology reveals increasing costs to members of the settlement, including elevated exposure to disease and labor demands in response to community dependence on and production of domesticated plant carbohydrates, growing population size and density fueled by elevated fertility, and increasing stresses due to heightened workload and greater mobility required for caprine herding and other resource acquisition activities over the nearly 12 centuries of settlement occupation. These changes in life conditions foreshadow developments that would take place worldwide over the millennia following the abandonment of Neolithic Çatalhöyük, including health challenges, adaptive patterns, physical activity, and emerging social behaviors involving interpersonal violence.Publication Open Access Building communities. presenting a model of community formation and organizational complexity in southwestern Anatolia(Elsevier, 2019) Daems, Dries; The Suna _ İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (AKMED) / Suna ve İnan Kıraç Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (AKMED)In this paper, a model of community formation and organizational complexity is presented, focusing on the fundamental role of social interactions and information transmission for the development of complex social organisation. The model combines several approaches in complex systems thinking which has garnered increasing attention in archaeology. It is then outlined how this conceptual model can be applied in archaeology. In the absence of direct observations of constituent social interactions, archaeologists study the past through material remnants found in the archaeological record. People used their material surroundings to shape, structure and guide social interactions and practices in various ways. The presented framework shows how dynamics of social organisation and community formation can be inferred from these material remains. The model is applied on a case study of two communities, Sagalassos and Düzen Tepe, located in southwestern Anatolia during late Achaemenid to middle Hellenistic times (fifth to second centuries BCE). It is suggested that constituent interactions and practices can be linked to the markedly different forms of organizational structures and material surroundings attested in both communities. The case study illustrates how the presented model can help understand trajectories of socio-political structures and organizational complexity on a community level.Publication Open Access Pigs in sight: Late Bronze Age pig husbandries in the Aegean and Anatolia(Taylor _ Francis, 2020) Slim, Francesca G.; Çakırlar, Canan; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED); College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235115This paper explores pig husbandry across the Aegean and Anatolia based on zooarchaeological data and ancient texts. The western Anatolian citadel of Kaymakci is the departure point for discussion, as it sits in the Mycenaean-Hittite interaction zone and provides a uniquely large assemblage of pig bones. NISP, mortality, and biometric data from 38 additional sites across Greece and Anatolia allows observation of intra- and interregional variation in the role of pigs in subsistence economies, pig management, and pig size characteristics. Results show that, first, pig abundance at Kaymakci matches Mycenaean and northern Aegean sites more closely than central, southern, and southeastern Anatolian sites; second, pig mortality data and biometry suggest multiple husbandry strategies and pig populations at Kaymakci, but other explanations cannot yet be excluded; and, third, for the Aegean and Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age more generally, pig data suggests pluriformity, which challenges the use of "pig principles" in this region.Publication Open Access Prosopographia Ponti Euxini. Byzantion(Mega Publishing House, 2021) Pazsint, Annamaria-Izabella; Faculty Member; Other; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED)The author presents the results of a work in progress research, respectively a prosopography on the population attested in the Greek cities of the Black Sea and Propontis (Prosopographia Ponti Euxini), focusing in this case (based on the epigraphic sources) on the population of Byzantion. As such, the paper will focus on the epigraphically attested quantitative data on the population of Byzantion, and on the qualitative data, covering the period between the first epigraphic attestations and up to the 3rd century AD. The work includes a prosopographical catalogue with the epigraphically attested population.Publication Open Access Who owns the dead? legal and professional challenges facing human remains management in Turkey(Taylor _ Francis, 2022) Doğan, Elifgül; Joy, Jody; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679The management of archaeological human remains poses numerous ethical and practical challenges for archaeologists and museum personnel throughout the world. While several countries have developed extensive legislation and guidelines to ensure best practice, Turkey has no specific laws concerning the management of archaeological human remains. The current heritage legislation defines all archaeological materials, including human remains, as state property, a position which makes engagement with stakeholders seeking shared ownership or repatriation of these remains problematic. In the absence of adequate legislation and professional guidelines, a wide range of ad hoc practices have developed among professionals whose dominance in decision-making processes leaves little room for inclusive museum management practices, such as stakeholder consultation, co-curation, the insurance of equal access to museums, and the promotion of human rights. Through a series of interviews with archaeologists and museum professionals, an online visitor survey with 780 participants, and on-site observations in four museums in Turkey, this article examines the existing management practices concerning archaeological human remains and sheds light on various professional biases that have discouraged effective community engagement with this issue in Turkey. This article is intended as a catalyst for further discussion about a topic which has been largely ignored in Turkey by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (TMoCT), museum personnel, and archaeologists.Publication Open Access Laser-aided profile measurement and cluster analysis of ceramic shapes(Taylor _ Francis, 2022) Demjan, Peter; Pavuk, Peter; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235115Ceramics are one of the commonest sources of archaeological information, yet their abundance often confounds documentation and analysis. This article presents a new method of documenting and analyzing ceramics that includes laser-aided profile measurement to capture ceramic shape and other information quickly and accurately, resulting in digital outputs suitable for both publication and morphometric analysis. Linked software and database solutions enable unsupervised machine learning to cluster shapes based on similarity, eventually assisting typological analysis. Following an overview of current practices in ceramic recording and both standard and computational shape classification analyses, the new approach is discussed in full as a documentary and analytical tool. A case study from the Middle and Late Bronze Age site of Kaymakci in western Anatolia demonstrates the benefits of the recording method and helps show that a combination of automated and manual shape clustering techniques currently remains the best practice in ceramic shape classification.Publication Open Access A place of burning: hero or ancestor cult at troy(American School of Classical Studies at Athens (ASCSA), 2011) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Aslan, Carolyn Chabot; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 57663This article presents the evidence for Early Archaic ritual activity on the site of a Late Bronze Age cemetery a short distance outside the walls of Troy, at a spot known to excavators as “A Place of Burning.” Here, as at the West Sanctuary adjacent to the citadel, the evidence follows a pattern similar to that found in hero and ancestor cults at other sites. Growing population in the region may have led the inhabitants of Troy to use associations with Bronze Age remains as a way of strengthening territorial claims and bolstering the power of the local elite.Publication Open Access Hatice Gonnet Baǧana Anatolian civilizations and Hittite digital collection(Üniversite ve Araştırma Kütüphanecileri Derneği (ÜNAK), 2016) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Maner, Çiğdem; Acar, Senem; Soğuksu, Derya; Çanak, Tuba Akbaytürk; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Suna Kıraç Library; 104427; N/A; N/A; N/AIn 2014 Hittitologist Prof. Dr. Hatice Gonnet Bağana, a resident of Paris, donated her library, archive and visual collections to Koç University’s Suna Kıraç Library. Gonnet Bağana, who was a student of Professor Emmanuel Laroche in Paris, was elected as the Hittitologist in charge at Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes V. Section, after Emmanuel Laroche’s retirement. Gonnet Bağana’s archive contains monographs, offprints, translations and transcriptions of Hittite texts, manuscripts, images from excavation sites, maps, and plans. This article discusses this collection from its donation to Koç University to its acquisation process and shipment from Paris to Istanbul, and from its classification, physical process and storage to digitization in the library. What makes this collection and digitization project unique is its specialization in Hittitology as being the first personal Hittiology archive digitized to be accessible for the researchers across the globe.