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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/6

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Quartile: search.filters.quartile.Q3Subject: search.filters.subject.Business and economics

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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    PublicationOpen Access
    How (not) to integrate blood subtyping technology to kidney exchange
    (Elsevier, 2018) Department of Economics; Yılmaz, Özgür; Sönmez, Tayfun; Ünver, Utku; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Economics; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 108638; N/A; N/A
    Even though kidney exchange became an important source of kidney transplants over the last decade with the introduction of market design techniques to organ transplantation, the shortage of kidneys for transplantation is greater than ever. Due to biological disadvantages, patient populations of blood types B/O are disproportionately hurt by this increasing shortage. The disadvantaged blood types are overrepresented among minorities in the US. In order to mitigate the disproportionate harm to these biologically disadvantaged groups, the UNOS reformed in 2014 the US deceased-donor kidney-allocation system, utilizing a technological advance in blood typing. The improved technology allows a certain fraction of blood type A kidneys, referred to as subtype A2 kidneys, to be transplanted to medically qualified patients of blood types B/O. The recent reform prioritizes subtype A2 deceased-donor kidneys for blood type B patients only. When restricted to the deceased-donor allocation system, this is merely a distributional reform with no adverse impact on the overall welfare of the patient population. In this paper we show that the current implementation of the reform has an unintended consequence, and it de facto extends the preferential allocation to kidney exchange as well. Ironically this "spillover" not only reduces the number of living-donor transplants for the overall patient population, but also for the biologically disadvantaged groups who are the intended beneficiaries of the reform. We show that minor variations of the current policy do not suffer from this unintended consequence, and we make two easy-to-implement, welfare-increasing policy recommendations.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Transition of international science, technology, engineering, and mathematics students to the U.S. labor market: the role of visa policy
    (Wiley, 2019) Department of Economics; Demirci, Murat; Faculty Member; Department of Economics; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics
    I analyze how visa policies affect international students' transition to the U.S. labor market. The Optional Practical Training (OPT) program permits international students to work via a student visa for a limited period after graduation before obtaining a work visa—an uncertain process due to the binding visa cap. I find that the extension in the length of OPT terms for students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) increases their likelihood of initially staying in the United States and using OPT. This result suggests that uncertainties about obtaining work visas hinder international STEM students' participation in the U.S. labor market. (JEL J61, K37, I23).
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    PublicationOpen Access
    British workers and Ottoman modernity in nineteenth-century Istanbul
    (Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2021) Department of History; Sefer, Akın; Researcher; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    In the mid-nineteenth century, when the Ottoman state launched an industrialization campaign within the context of increasing contacts between the Ottoman and British governments, hundreds of British industrial workers migrated to Istanbul to work in Ottoman military factories, along with technology transfer from Britain. This article narrates the history of these workers and of the community they established in Istanbul in a period spanning four decades, from the beginning of the mechanization efforts in the 1830s until the economic crisis in the mid-1870s. Drawing on archival evidence from Ottoman and British sources, it analyzes the larger context of British workers' migration from Britain, their relations with the Ottoman state officials and local workers, and their experiences and struggles in the workplace and the city. Although both British and Ottoman historians have largely ignored their experiences due to their marginal numbers and distinct statuses, these workers actively took part in the Ottoman industrialization process, in the development of capitalist class relations, and in the social, cultural, and spatial transformation of the capital city in the Ottoman age of reforms. By means of this analysis, the article aims to highlight the significance of immigrant workers as actors of the history of large-scale transformations in the late Ottoman Empire as well as underlining the role of trans-imperial labor migration in the history of modernity.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Cyclical dynamics of industrial production and employment: Markov chain-based estimates and tests
    (Elsevier, 2012) Gencer, Gözde; Department of Business Administration; Tan, Barış; Altuğ, Sumru; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Business Administration; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 28600; N/A
    The purpose of this paper is to understand differences in cyclical phenomena across a broad range of developed and emerging countries based on the behavior of two key economic times series—industrial production and employment. The paper characterizes the series in question as a recurring Markov chain. Univariate processes are estimated for each series individually, and a composite indicator is constructed by using information on both series. Based on tests of equality of the estimated Markov chains across countries as well as the expected times to switch between different states, we find evidence that (i) the developed and emerging economies are “de-coupled” from each other in terms of their cyclical dynamics, and (ii) the behavior of industrial production and employment growth are “de-coupled” for the emerging economies. Our results suggest new directions for the analysis of emerging economy cyclical fluctuations.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Leadership? no, thanks! a new construct: worries about leadership
    (Wiley, 2019) Department of Psychology; Aycan, Zeynep; Shelia, Salome; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 5798; N/A
    Leadership is considered a key career aspiration. However, in a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) environment, is such a goal indisputably desirable? Tapping the emotion domain, we propose a new construct, worries about leadership (WAL), defined as the worries people have about the possible negative consequences of assuming a leadership role. Four studies investigated discriminant, convergent and predictive validities of WAL scale using diverse methodologies: survey, lab experiment and naturalistic field study. Findings confirmed theoretically proposed dimensions of WAL: worries about failure, work-life imbalance, and harm. WAL was found orthogonal to Motivation to Lead (MTL; Chan & Drasgow, 2001) and correlated with neuroticism and prevention focus. Correlation of WAL scores with physiological indices of emotions was insignificant, albeit in the expected direction. WAL predicted leader emergence above and beyond MTL. These findings have significant theoretical and practical implications contributing to more nuanced understanding of leader emergence.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Inflation as a global phenomenon-nsome implications for inflation modelling and forecasting
    (Elsevier, 2018) Martinez-Garcia, Enrique; Department of Economics; Kabukçuoğlu, Ayşe; Faculty Member; Department of Economics; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics
    We model local inflation dynamics using global inflation and domestic slack motivated by a novel interpretation of the implications of the workhorse open-economy New Keynesian model. We evaluate the performance of inflation forecasts based on the single-equation forecasting specification implied by the model, exploiting the spatial pattern of international linkages underpinning global inflation. We find that incorporating cross-country interactions yields significantly more accurate forecasts of local inflation for a diverse group of 14 advanced countries (including the U.S.) than either a simple autoregressive model or a standard closed-economy Phillips curve-based forecasting model. We argue that modelling the temporal dimension—but not the cross-country spillovers—of inflation does limit a model’s explanatory power in-sample and its (pseudo) out-of-sample forecasting performance. Moreover, we also show that global inflation (without domestic slack) often contributes the most to achieve the gains on forecasting accuracy observed during our sample period (1984:Q1-2015:Q1)—this observation, according to theory, is crucially related to the flattening of the Phillips curve during this time period of increased globalization.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    The winners and losers of tax reform: an assessment under financial integration
    (Elsevier, 2017) Department of Economics; Kabukçuoğlu, Ayşe; Faculty Member; Department of Economics; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics
    I quantify the macroeconomic and redistributive effects of the unilateral elimination of the capital income tax in a two-country, heterogeneous-agent incomplete markets model with progressive labor income taxes. Home, by implementing the reform, induces government responses where labor income is taxed in Home and mostly subsidized in Foreign. In addition, post-reform price dynamics reduce Home's wealth and suppress households' ability to do consumption smoothing, with negative effects on the majority particularly on the poor. In turn, Foreign accumulates wealth, and price movements work particularly in favor of the poor. As a result, a large majority in Home prefers the status quo whereas Foreign supports the reform unanimously. These findings are robust to alternative scenarios where (i) the borrowing constraints are relaxed, (ii) both countries jointly eliminate capital income taxes, (iii) foreign interest income is taxed, and (iv) Home capital income tax is reduced from 40% to 35%.