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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/6
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Publication Open Access Fear of happiness among college students: the role of gender, childhood psychological trauma, and dissociation(Medknow Publications, 2019) Türk, Tuğba; Öztürk, Erdinç; N/A; Şar, Vedat; Faculty Member; School of Medicine; 8542Aims: this study aimed to evaluate the fear of happiness among college students and its relationship to gender, childhood psychological trauma, and dissociation. Setting and Design: College students were addressed as study population, and a relational screening method was implemented. Materials and Methods: among 184 participants, 93 (50.5%) were women. The Fear of Happiness Scale (FHS), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) were administered to all participants. Statistical Analysis Used: MannuWhitney-U and Student's t-tests were implemented for comparison of groups. Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify associations between variables. Results: there were no differences on DES, FHS, and CTQ total scores between genders. DES was associated with CTQ total scores in both genders. Women had higher scores than men on childhood emotional abuse and fear of "cheerfulness ends up with bad faith." Compared to nonmembers, female dissociative taxon members had higher scores on all childhood trauma types except sexual abuse, and on all types of fear of happiness except "good fortune ends up with disaster" which was the only type of fear significantly elevated among male dissociative taxon members. A stepwise regression analysis revealed that depersonalization, childhood emotional neglect, and physical abuse predicted fear of happiness among women which was predicted by absorption among men. Conclusions: there is a relationship between childhood psychological trauma, dissociation, and fear of happiness. Women seem to be more vulnerable in this path of obsessional thinking which affects different realms in male and female genders.Publication Open Access Long-term prognosis of commercially sexually exploited youth in Turkey: brief report(Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi - Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 2017) Semerci, B.; Tufan, A. E.; Sanli, I.; N/A; Taşkıran, Ali Sarper; Other; School of Medicine; 195168Objective: Factors contribute to commercial sexual exploitation of youth (CSEY) and a variety of physical and psychological consequences of CSEY were previously discussed in the literature. The aim of the current study was to determine the long term prognosis of a sample of CSEY in Turkey. Methods: A sample of 108 CSEY (all females) with a mean age of 16.7 +/- 2.7 (range: 9-22) years living in a specialized center for protection against perpetrators were examined in terms of their sociodemographic variables, previous abuse history, family history and current psychopathology. Identified cases were referred for psychiatric evaluation. We obtained follow-up data 11 years after initial contact from this cohort (mean age 25.9 +/- 2.6 at time of follow-up) with the subjects and received information regarding their current functioning. Results: Follow up data revealed that recommendations during psychiatric follow up could not be acted upon. 71.4% of the initial sample (n= 76) could be reached via direct or indirect contacts. We found that good/superior functioning was very rare and that one-third of the sample that could be reached still was being sexually exploited. Important considerations derived from the results were discussed in the current article.Publication Open Access Revisiting the etiological aspects of dissociative identity disorder: a biopsychosocial perspective(Dove Medical Press, 2017) Dorahy, Martin J; Krüger, Christa; N/A; Şar, Vedat; Faculty Member; School of Medicine; 8542Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a chronic post-traumatic disorder where developmentally stressful events in childhood, including abuse, emotional neglect, disturbed attachment, and boundary violations are central and typical etiological factors. Familial, societala and cultural factors may give rise to the trauma and/or they may influence the expression of DID. Memory and the construction of self-identity are cognitive processes that appear markedly and centrally disrupted in DID and are related to its etiology. Enduring decoupling of psychological modes may create separate senses of self, and metamemory processes may be involved in interidentity amnesia. Neurobiological differences have been demonstrated between dissociative identities within patients with DID and between patients with DID and controls. Given the current evidence, DID as a diagnostic entity cannot be explained as a phenomenon created by iatrogenic influences, suggestibility, malingering, or social role-taking. On the contrary, DID is an empirically robust chronic psychiatric disorder based on neurobiological, cognitive, and interpersonal non-integration as a response to unbearable stress. While current evidence is sufficient to firmly establish this etiological stance, given the wide opportunities for innovative research, the disorder is still understudied. Comparison of well-selected samples of DID patients with non-dissociative subjects who have other psychiatric disorders would further delineate the neurobiological and cognitive features of the disorder, whereas genetic research on DID would further illuminate the interaction of the individual with environmental stress. As such, DID may be seen as an exemplary disease model of the biopsychosocial paradigm in psychiatry.Publication Open Access Depression and Parkinson disease: prevalence, temporal relationship, and determinants(TÜBİTAK, 2017) Bora, Hatice Ayşe; Kuruoǧlu, Aslı Çepik; N/A; Eser, Hale Yapıcı; Faculty Member; School of Medicine; 134359Background/aim: Comorbidity of depression in Parkinson disease (PD) is a major factor that changes patients' quality of life. However, the neurobiological and sociodemographic risk factors for this comorbidity are not well studied. In this study, we aimed to define the prevalence, temporal relationship, and psychosocial and clinical determinants of depression comorbid with PD. Materials and methods: Fifty-five PD patients were evaluated with SCID, a data form that assessed sociodemographic and PD-related variables, UPDRS III, HAM-D, HAM-A, MMSE, and the Apathy Evaluation Scale.Results: Depression (lifetime: 45.5%, last month: 25.5%, before PD: 20%) was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis. The major determinants of depression in the last month and depression before PD were early onset of PD and young age. Patients on pramipexole treatment were less likely to be diagnosed with depression in the last month. Other sociodemographic and PD-related variables were not significantly different for lifetime, last month, and pre-PD depression diagnosis compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: Depression is prevalent both before and after patient gets a PD diagnosis. Depression is not only the result of PD-related life changes but it is also a preceding factor that may decrease the age of PD onset.Publication Open Access Parental sexual abuse and suicidal behaviour among women with major depressive disorder(Sage, 2012) Talbot, Nancy L.; Ward, Erin A.; Duberstein, Paul R.; Department of Psychology; Çankaya, Banu; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesObjective: Women with major depressive disorder (MDD) and childhood sexual abuse histories have an increased risk for suicidal behaviours, but it is unclear whether specific abuse characteristics contribute to risk. We aimed to examine the contributions of abuse characteristics to lifetime history of suicide attempts and multiple suicide attempts, independent of posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder. Method: Women with MDD and sexual abuse histories (n = 106) were assessed regarding sexual abuse characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, and suicide attempts. Results: In multivariate logistic regressions, the odds of having multiple suicide attempts increased 12.27-fold when childhood sexual abuse was perpetrated by a parent figure or a parent, compared with a nonparent. Conclusions: Parental perpetration of sexual abuse increases the likelihood of multiple suicide attempts among women outpatients. The relationship of the perpetrator to the abused woman is important in suicide risk evaluation and treatment planning.Publication Open Access Risperidone and hepatotoxicity in children and adolescent: a literature review(Cyprus Mental Health Institute, 2020) Çöpür, Mazlum; Çöpür, Sidar; Researcher; School of MedicineRisperidone is a second generation anti-psychotic drug that is commonly preferred in the treatment of schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorders. Risperidone-associated hepatic adverse effects have long been investigated and continues to be unclear. In this review, our aim is to establish the possible hepatic adverse effects linked to risperidone treatment in children and adolescent in terms of severities and reversibility. We performed literature search via electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library) in August 2019. Risperidone treatment may lead to alterations in liver function test (LFT), mostly asymptomatic and reversible with the discontinuation or normalizes with time. Furthermore, there are few cases reporting risperidone-induced cholestatic hepatitis and immunoallergic hepatitis. Although exact mechanism of action of risperidone on liver remains unknown, there are growing evidences that link alterations of fatty acid biosynthesis to hepatic adverse effects. We recommend physicians to take basal LFT prior to risperidone treatment and monitor LFT during treatment. Additionally, physicians should be aware that most alterations at LFT associated with risperidone use are asymptomatic and reversible. However, more comprehensive studies investigating risperidone-associated hepatic adverse effects should be performed to reach a definitive outcome. / Risperidon; şizofreni, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve bipolar bozukluğun tedavisinde yaygın olarak tercih edilen ikinci kuşak anti-psikotik bir ilaçtır. Çocuklarda risperidon kullanımının karaciğer üzerine olası yan etkileri uzun yıllardır incelenmekte olup konuyla ilgili kesin bir sonuca varılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, çocuk ve ergenlerde risperidon kullanımının olası yan etkilerini şiddet ve geri dönüşümlülüğü dahil olmak üzere birçok açıdan incelemeyi amaçlamaktayız. Konu, Ağustos 2019 tarihi itibariyle yayınlanmış olan çalışmalar arasından PubMed, Embase ve Cochrane Library olmak üzere üç elektronik veri tabanında araştırılmıştır. Risperidon kullanımının karaciğer fonksiyon testlerinde (KFT) bozukluklara yol açabilmesine rağmen bu değişimlerin çoğunlukla ilacın bırakılmasını takiben geri dönüşümlü olduğu ve klinik bir belirtiye yol açmadığı görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda, risperidon kullanımının immüno-alerjik hepatit ve kolestatik hepatit ile ilişkili olabileceğini gösteren birtakım vaka bildirimleri literatürde mevcuttur. Risperidonun karaciğer hasarına yol açan temel etki mekanizması henüz bilinmiyor olsa da KFT’deki bozuklukların yağ aside sentezindeki değişiklikler ile ilişkili olduğu görüşü hakimdir. Konuyla ilişkin kesin bir kanıya varmadan önce daha kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmakla birlikte, risperidon tedavisi düşünülen hastalarda tedavi öncesi bazal bir KFT yapılıp tedavi boyunca değerlerin takip edilmesinin faydalı olacağı görülmektedir. Testlerde meydana gelebilecek değişimlerin çoğu zaman asemptomatik ve geri dönüşümlü olduğu ve karaciğer yetmezliğine yol açmayacağı bilinmelidir.Publication Open Access Trauma treatment across Europe: where do we stand now from a perspective of seven countries?(Taylor _ Francis Open, 2016) Gersons, B.P.R.; Javakhishvilli, J.; Kaslauskas, E.; Meewisse, M.; Merecz-Kot, D.; Schäfer, I.; Schnyder, U.; N/A; Şar, Vedat; Faculty Member; School of Medicine; 8542There is a lack of knowledge about the state of affairs of the trauma treatments in Europe. To start to fill in this gap, key persons from seven European countries—Georgia, Germany, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, and Turkey—accepted the invitation to give their expert opinion on the state of affairs in their country at an invited panel discussion at the XIV 2015 ESTSS Conference in Vilnius, Lithuania. Brief reports from the seven countries reveal significant diversities among different European countries in terms of awareness of health problems related to trauma, the availability of trauma treatments, and treatment approaches. Political and economic differences across the European countries contribute to the diversities in the developments of trauma treatments. European national psychotrauma societies are active in establishing training curricula and dissemination of trauma-focused treatments. Despite the growing acknowledgment of trauma and dissemination of trauma-focused treatments, there is a lack of Europe-wide policies to ensure availability of trauma treatment in Europe for trauma survivors. The need for more detailed analysis of trauma treatment in all European countries and development of European-level trauma-informed health care policies is outlined.Publication Open Access Behavioral implications of the Covid-19 process for autism spectrum disorder, and individuals' comprehension of and reactions to the pandemic conditions(Frontiers, 2020) Mutluer, Tuba; Doenyas, Ceymi; Genç, Herdem Aslan; Faculty Member; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Tıp Araştırma Merkezi (KUTTAM); School of Medicine; Koç University Hospital; 305311; N/A; N/ADuring disasters and pandemics, vulnerable populations such as patients with mental conditions are known to be overly influenced. Yet, not much is known about how the individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions globally with a prevalence of 1%, are affected from health-related disasters, especially the current Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, we conducted an investigation of how individuals with ASD responded to Covid-19 in terms of comprehension and adherence to implemented measures; changes in their behavioral problems; and how their caregivers' anxiety levels relate with these behavioral changes. Our sample consisted of 87 individuals with ASD (15 girls; ages ranged from 3-29, with an average of 13.96 +/- 6.1). The majority of our sample had problems understanding what Covid-19 is and the measures it requires. They also had challenges in implementing social distance and hygiene-related regulations of the pandemic. The majority stopped receiving special education during this period. We observed a Covid-19-related clinical presentation that resembled PTSD in individuals with ASD in terms of increased stereotypies, aggression, hypersensitivity, behavioral problems, and sleep and appetite alterations. All subscales of Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) differed significantly between before and after the pandemic conditions. The number of hours the children slept significantly decreased from before to during Covid-19. The anxiety levels of caregivers were high and correlated with the current behavioral problem levels of their children, but not with the level of their behavioral problems before the pandemic. The difference in ABC total score and specifically the lethargy/social withdrawal subscale score predicted parents' anxiety score. Our results suggest that the Covid-19 period inflicts specific challenges to individuals with ASD and their caregivers, underlining the need for targeted, distance special education interventions and other support services for this population.Publication Open Access The comorbidity of reduplicative paramnesia, intermetamorphosis, reverse-intermetamorphosis, misidentification of reflection, and capgras syndrome in an adolescent patient(Hindawi, 2014) Arısoy, Özden; Tufan, A. Evren; Bilici, Rabia; Topal, Zehra; Demir, Nuran; Cansız, M. Akif; N/A; Taşkıran, Ali Sarper; Other; School of Medicine; 195168Delusional misidentification syndromes may be superimposed on neurological or psychiatric disorders and include delusional beliefs that the people, objects, or places around the patient change or are made to change with one another. In this paper, an adolescent patient displaying Capgras syndrome, metamorphosis, reverse-intermetamorphosis,misidentification of reflection, and reduplicative paramnesia was presented. The findings that our patient struggled with visuospatial tests applied in the acute phase as well as the observation that she refused to meet her family face-to-face while accepting to speak on the phone may support the role of right hemisphere and visuospatial functions in the development of those syndromes. Further studies or case series evaluated more extensively are needed to reveal the relationship between right hemisphere functions and delusional misidentification syndromes.Publication Open Access Adverse childhood experiences and global mental health: avenues to reduce the burden of child and adolescent mental disorders(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2022) Ceccarelli, C.; Prina, E.; Muneghina, O.; Jordans, M.; Barker, E.; Miller, K.; Singh, R.; Sorsdhal, K.; Cuijpers, P.; Lund, C.; Barbui, C.; Purgato, M.; Department of Psychology; Acartürk, Ceren; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 39271Mental disorders are one of the largest contributors to the burden of disease globally, this holds also for children and adolescents, especially in low-and middle-income countries. The prevalence and severity of these disorders are influenced by social determinants, including exposure to adversity. When occurring early in life, these latter events are referred to as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). In this editorial, we provide an overview of the literature on the role of ACEs as social determinants of mental health through the lenses of global mental health. While the relation between ACEs and mental health has been extensively explored, most research was centred in higher income contexts. We argue that findings from the realm of global mental health should be integrated into that of ACEs, e.g. through preventative and responsive psychosocial interventions for children, adolescents and their caregivers. The field of global mental health should also undertake active efforts to better address ACEs in its initiatives, all with the goal of reducing the burden of mental disorders among children and adolescents globally.