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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/6
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Publication Open Access Editorial to the special issue on temporal illusions(Brill, 2020) Vatakis, Argiro; Department of Psychology; Balcı, Fuat; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 51269Publication Open Access The relationship between co-speech gesture production and macrolinguistic discourse abilities in people with focal brain injury(Elsevier, 2018) Chatterjee, Anjan; Department of Psychology; Akbıyık, Seda; Karaduman, Ayşenur; Göksun, Tilbe; Master Student; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; N/A; 47278Brain damage is associated with linguistic deficits and might alter co-speech gesture production. Gesture production after focal brain injury has been mainly investigated with respect to intrasentential rather than discourse-level linguistic processing. In this study, we examined 1) spontaneous gesture production patterns of people with left hemisphere damage (LHD) or right hemisphere damage (RHD) in a narrative setting, 2) the neural structures associated with deviations in spontaneous gesture production in these groups, and 3) the relationship between spontaneous gesture production and discourse level linguistic processes (narrative complexity and evaluation competence). Individuals with LHD or RHD (17 people in each group) and neurotypical controls (n = 13) narrated a story from a picture book. Results showed that increase in gesture production for LHD individuals was associated with less complex narratives and lesions of individuals who produced more gestures than neurotypical individuals overlapped in frontal-temporal structures and basal ganglia. Co-speech gesture production of RHD individuals positively correlated with their evaluation competence in narrative. Lesions of RHD individuals who produced more gestures overlapped in the superior temporal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule. Overall, LHD individuals produced more gestures than neurotypical individuals. The groups did not differ in their use of different gesture forms except that LHD individuals produced more deictic gestures per utterance than RHD individuals and controls. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that co-speech gesture production interacts with macro-linguistic levels of discourse and this interaction is affected by the hemispheric lateralization of discourse abilities.Publication Open Access Children's associations between space and pitch are differentially shaped by language(Wiley, 2022) Dolscheid, S.; Çelik, S.; Erkan, H.; Majid A.; Department of Psychology; Küntay, Aylin C.; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 178879Musical properties, such as auditory pitch, are not expressed in the same way across cultures. In some languages, pitch is expressed in terms of spatial height (high vs. low), whereas others rely on thickness vocabulary (thick = low frequency vs. thin = high frequency). We investigated how children represent pitch in the face of this variable linguistic input by examining the developmental trajectory of linguistic and non-linguistic space-pitch associations in children who acquire Dutch (a height-pitch language) or Turkish (a thickness-pitch language). Five-year-olds, 7-year-olds, 9-year-olds, and 11-year-olds were tested for their understanding of pitch terminology and their associations of spatial dimensions with auditory pitch when no language was used. Across tasks, thickness-pitch associations were more robust than height-pitch associations. This was true for Turkish children, and also Dutch children not exposed to thickness-pitch vocabulary. Height-pitch associations, on the other hand, were not reliable-not even in Dutch-speaking children until age 11-the age when they demonstrated full comprehension of height-pitch terminology. Moreover, Turkish-speaking children reversed height-pitch associations. Taken together, these findings suggest thickness-pitch associations are acquired in similar ways by children from different cultures, but the acquisition of height-pitch associations is more susceptible to linguistic input. Overall, then, despite cross-cultural stability in some components, there is variation in how children come to represent musical pitch, one of the building blocks of music. Research Highlights Children from diverse cultures differ in their understanding of music vocabulary and in their nonlinguistic associations between spatial dimensions and auditory pitch. Height-pitch mappings are acquired late and require additional scaffolding from language, whereas thickness-pitch mappings are acquired early and are less susceptible to language input. Space-pitch mappings are not static from birth to adulthood, but change over development, suggesting music cognition is shaped by cross-cultural experience.Publication Open Access Revisiting the etiological aspects of dissociative identity disorder: a biopsychosocial perspective(Dove Medical Press, 2017) Dorahy, Martin J; Krüger, Christa; N/A; Şar, Vedat; Faculty Member; School of Medicine; 8542Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a chronic post-traumatic disorder where developmentally stressful events in childhood, including abuse, emotional neglect, disturbed attachment, and boundary violations are central and typical etiological factors. Familial, societala and cultural factors may give rise to the trauma and/or they may influence the expression of DID. Memory and the construction of self-identity are cognitive processes that appear markedly and centrally disrupted in DID and are related to its etiology. Enduring decoupling of psychological modes may create separate senses of self, and metamemory processes may be involved in interidentity amnesia. Neurobiological differences have been demonstrated between dissociative identities within patients with DID and between patients with DID and controls. Given the current evidence, DID as a diagnostic entity cannot be explained as a phenomenon created by iatrogenic influences, suggestibility, malingering, or social role-taking. On the contrary, DID is an empirically robust chronic psychiatric disorder based on neurobiological, cognitive, and interpersonal non-integration as a response to unbearable stress. While current evidence is sufficient to firmly establish this etiological stance, given the wide opportunities for innovative research, the disorder is still understudied. Comparison of well-selected samples of DID patients with non-dissociative subjects who have other psychiatric disorders would further delineate the neurobiological and cognitive features of the disorder, whereas genetic research on DID would further illuminate the interaction of the individual with environmental stress. As such, DID may be seen as an exemplary disease model of the biopsychosocial paradigm in psychiatry.Publication Open Access Emotion regulation function of autobiographical remembering(Turkish Psychologists Association / Türk Psikologlar Derneği, 2020) Öner, Sezin; Department of Psychology; Gülgöz, Sami; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 49200In this study, we aimed to investigate emotion regulation function of autobiograhical remembering within an integrative perspective. We asked participants to recall sadness, anger and happiness related events for emotion induction, then they recalled any random memory that came to their mind. In the latter remembering experience. Pre- and post-report emotionality ratings and phenomenological features of the recall were examined to test whether subsequent recall served to upregulate positive emotions. Only in sadness and anger memory groups who recalled memories with high emotional impact reported more positive emotions after subsequent remembering. Also, we found distinct mechanisms by which sadness and anger groups used for emotion regulation such that for the sadness group whereas the emotional intensity accounted for the role of upregulation, for the anger group, importance of the event predicted enhanced positivity. Findings are discussed in the context of the emotion regulation function of autobiographical remembering. / Bellek ve duygusal süreçlerin ilişkisi alanyazında geniş yer tutmaktadır. Bu iki kavramı bütünsel bir bakışla incelemeyi amaçladığımız bu çalışmada otobiyografik belleğin duygu düzenleme işlevine odaklanılmıştır. Üç ayrı gruptaki katılımcılara, üzüntü, öfke veya mutluluk uyandıracak anılar hatırlatılmış ardından da bir yönerge verilmeden herhangi bir anı hatırlamaları istenmiştir. Katılımcılar ayrıca anı özelliklerini belirtmişler ve duygu düzenleme stratejilerini değerlendirmişlerdir. Hatırlamadan önce ve sonra katılımcıların nasıl hissettikleri de sorulmuştur. Bulgulara bakıldığında, duygusal etkisi yüksek anı hatırlayan olumsuz anı grubu katılımcılarının, yönergesiz hatırlama sonrasında duygu durumlarını belirgin olarak olumlulaştırdığı görülürken, bu değişimin üzüntü ve öfke gruplarında farklı anı özellikleri tarafından yürütüldüğünü saptanmıştır. Üzüntü grubunda yönergesiz anının duygusal yoğunluğunun, öfke grubunda ise anının öneminin duygu değişimine aracı olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bulgular, otobiyografik hatırlamanın duygu düzenleme işlevi bağlamında tartışılacaktır.Publication Open Access Comorbid anxiety increases suicidal risk in bipolar depression: analysis of 9720 adolescent inpatients(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2020) Patel, Rikinkumar S.; Amuk Williams, Özge Ceren; School of MedicineObjective: to evaluate the risk of association between suicidal behaviors and comorbid anxiety disorders in adolescents with bipolar depression. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study using the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) from the United States. This study included 9720 adolescent inpatients with bipolar depression and further grouped by co-diagnosis of anxiety disorders. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of suicidal behaviors due to comorbid anxiety after controlling demographic confounders and psychiatric comorbidities. Results: out of total inpatients, 34.8% (n= 3385) had comorbid anxiety disorders with a predominance in females (70.3%) and White patients (67.7%). About 54.1% of inpatients with comorbid anxiety had suicidal behaviors versus 44.6% in the non-anxiety cohort (p< 0.001). Comorbid anxiety disorders were associated with 1.35 times higher odds (95% CI 1.23-1.47,p< 0.001) for suicidal behaviors. Conclusion: suicidal behaviors are significantly prevalent in bipolar depression adolescents with comorbid anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders are an independent risk factor in bipolar depression that increase the risk of suicidal behaviors by 35%. This necessitates careful assessment and management of comorbid anxiety disorders in bipolar youth to mitigate suicidality.Publication Open Access How does self-concept clarity influence happiness in social settings? The role of strangers versus friends(Taylor _ Francis, 2018) Merdin-Uygur, Ezgi; Sarıal-Abi, Gülen; Hesapçı, Özlem; Department of Business Administration; Canlı, Zeynep Gürhan; Faculty Member; Department of Business Administration; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 16135Self-concept clarity (SCC), defined as the extent to which the content of an individual’s self-beliefs is clearly and confidently defined and internally consistent, influences experiences in social relationships. This paper extends the previous literature on SCC by proposing and demonstrating that high-SCC individuals anticipate and experience more happiness than low-SCC individuals when they share a social setting with friends and anticipate and experience less happiness than low-SCC individuals when they share a social setting with strangers and that this is because of perceived interpersonal distance. A series of four studies, including both online studies and a field study, support these predictions. Alternative explanations of self-esteem and self-efficacy are also ruled out. The findings yield both theoretical contributions and practical implications.Publication Open Access On measuring social biases in prompt-based multi-task learning(Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2022) Akyürek; A.F.; Paik, S.; Koçyiğit, M.Y.; Akbıyık, S.; Wijaya, D.; Department of Psychology; Runyun, Şerife Leman; PhD Student; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesLarge language models trained on a mixture of NLP tasks that are converted into a textto- text format using prompts, can generalize into novel forms of language and handle novel tasks. A large body of work within prompt engineering attempts to understand the effects of input forms and prompts in achieving superior performance. We consider an alternative measure and inquire whether the way in which an input is encoded affects social biases promoted in outputs. In this paper, we study T0, a large-scale multi-task text-to-text language model trained using prompt-based learning. We consider two different forms of semantically equivalent inputs: question-answer format and premise-hypothesis format. We use an existing bias benchmark for the former BBQ (Parrish et al., 2021) and create the first bias benchmark in natural language inference BBNLI with hand-written hypotheses while also converting each benchmark into the other form. The results on two benchmarks suggest that given two different formulations of essentially the same input, T0 conspicuously acts more biased in question answering form, which is seen during training, compared to premisehypothesis form which is unlike its training examples.Publication Open Access A new method to determine reflex latency induced by high rate stimulation of the nervous system(Frontiers, 2014) Karacan, İlhan; Çakar, Halil İ.; Cidem, Muharrem; Kara, Sadık; N/A; Yılmaz, Gizem; Sebik, Oğuz; Türker, Kemal Sıtkı; PhD Student; Researcher; Faculty Member; School of Medicine; N/A; N/A; 6741High rate stimulations of the neuromuscular system, such as continuous whole body vibration, tonic vibration reflex and high frequency electrical stimulation, are used in the physiological research with an increasing interest. In these studies, the neuronal circuitries underlying the reflex responses remain unclear due to the problem of determining the exact reflex latencies. We present a novel 'cumulated average method" to determine the reflex latency during high rate stimulation of the nervous system which was proven to be significantly more accurate than the classical method. The classical method, cumulant density analysis, reveals the relationship between the two synchronously recorded signals as a function of the lag between the signals. The comparison of new method with the classical technique and their relative accuracy was tested using a computer simulation. In the simulated signals the EMG response latency was constructed to be exactly 40 ms. The new method accurately indicated the value of the simulated reflex latency (40 ms). However, the classical method showed that the lag time between the simulated triggers and the simulated signals was 49 ms. Simulation results illustrated that the cumulated average method is a reliable and more accurate method compared with the classical method. We therefore suggest that the new cumulated average method is able to determine the high rate stimulation induced reflex latencies more accurately than the classical method.Publication Open Access The bottleneck metaphor of leadership culture: how shared understandings about leadership develop in groups and impede diversity and effectiveness of leaders(Frontiers, 2021) Department of Psychology; Özcan, Muaz; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThere are two big problems related to leadership today: unequal representation and high failure rates among leaders. This conceptual paper argues that commonly shared values, assumptions, and beliefs about leadership, i.e., universal leadership culture, are the common cause of both problems. After the concepts and levels related to leadership culture were explained, we introduce a multilevel, multi-actor process model named the bottleneck metaphor of leadership culture. This metaphor describes how leadership cultures are co-constructed by multiple actors based on their involvement in leader selection and reproduce themselves in groups over time based on emergent leaders' characteristics. Next, a diagnostic tool called the leadership mirror is proposed for organizations that want to assess their leadership culture's current state as a starting point for further interventions. Specific suggestions are made for various actors, ranging from individuals to organizations, for their possible roles in preventing undesired leadership cultures.