Research Outputs
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14288/2
Browse
37 results
Search Results
Publication Open Access A Lower Paleolithic assemblage from western Anatolia: the lithics from Bozyer(Elsevier, 2019) Dinçer, Berkay; Çilingiroğlu, Çiler; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 235112In 2005 the Central Lydia Archaeological Survey (CLAS) identified an open-air Lower Paleolithic site called Bozyer near Lake Marmara in the province of Manisa, Turkey. Intensive survey of Bozyer in 2008 resulted in collection of over 300 stone tools. Subsequent systematic analysis attributed 189 of these lithics to a Lower Paleolithic industry. The assemblage is characterized by flakes and retouched flake tools, many of which were produced with the bipolar flaking technique; preferential use of locally available quartz and quartzite over chert; a low proportion of cores, most of which were reused as choppers and chopping tools; and the absence of bifaces and other large cutting tools. With few exceptions, similar assemblages are rare in Anatolia, and comparable industries from Eurasia and the Near East date to the Early Pleistocene period. The lithic industry from Bozyer thus joins other nearby sites in evidencing some of the earliest hominin activities outside Africa, shedding new light on growing understandings of Lower Paleolithic technology, mobility, and activities in Anatolia.Publication Open Access A new funerary inscription from Olympos (Lycia) and an addendum to TAM II 1075(Phaselis Research Station / Phaselis Araştırma İstasyonu, 2021) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Demirhan Öztürk, Ezgi; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThis paper presents two funerary inscriptions found in Olympos, one of which has not been pub-lished before (no. 1). The inscription dated to the Ist-IInd centuries A.D. was recorded in 2015, and it belongs to the tomb of Arteimas and his family. Another funerary inscription (no. 2) was published with the number 1075 in TAM II, and we make an addendum to the published inscription. The rest of the inscription belong-ing to the tomb of Pausanias was noticed in 2015 in the course of a survey and the remaining five lines of this inscription were recorded with the inv. No. 37. / : Bu makalede Olympos'ta bulunan ve biri daha önce yayınlanmamış (no. 1) ve diğer yazıta (no. 2) addendum yapılmış iki mezar yazıtı tanıtılmaktadır. MS I-II. yüzyıllara tarihlenen bir numaralı yazıt 2015 yılında kaydedilmiş olup, yazıt Arteimas ve ailesinin mezarına aittir. Bir diğer mezar yazıtı olan (no. 2) TAM II'de 1075 numara ile yayımlanmış olup; yazıta tarafımızdan bir addendum yapılmıştır. Yazıtın geri kalanı 2015 yılında bir kontrol sırasında fark edilmiş ve geri kalan beş satır tarafımızdan yeniden kaydedilmiştir, yazıt Pausanias'ın mezarına aittir.Publication Open Access A place of burning: hero or ancestor cult at troy(American School of Classical Studies at Athens (ASCSA), 2011) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Aslan, Carolyn Chabot; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 57663This article presents the evidence for Early Archaic ritual activity on the site of a Late Bronze Age cemetery a short distance outside the walls of Troy, at a spot known to excavators as “A Place of Burning.” Here, as at the West Sanctuary adjacent to the citadel, the evidence follows a pattern similar to that found in hero and ancestor cults at other sites. Growing population in the region may have led the inhabitants of Troy to use associations with Bronze Age remains as a way of strengthening territorial claims and bolstering the power of the local elite.Publication Open Access Aegean trees and timbers: dendrochronological survey of the island of Symi(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2020) Christopoulou, Anastasia; Gminska-Nowak, Barbara; Wazny, Tomasz; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Özarslan, Yasemin; Researcher; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThe current study presents the results of the first dendrochronological survey performed over the East Aegean island of Symi. Research Highlights: Dendrochronological research of the East Aegean region is of paramount importance since dendrochronological data from the region, and especially the islands, are still limited. Background and Objectives: The main aim of the study is to explore the dendrochronological potential of the island, focusing on the dating of historical wood and buildings as well as dendroprovenancing. Materials and Methods: A total of 57 wood samples were collected from historical timber from windmills and architectural elements, including doors and warehouse planks, while 68 cores were collected from the three dominant tree species of the island—Cupressus sempervirens, Pinus brutia, and Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis—in an attempt to develop local reference chronologies that could be useful in dating historical timber Results: Of the historical timber, at least nine different species have been detected, with conifers representing the majority of the collected material. In total, 56% of the dendroarchaeological samples, belonging to four different species, were dated absolutely. According to cross-dating and dendroprovenancing results, Pinus nigra, Cedrus sp., and Quercus sp. represent timber imported from present-day Turkey while the fir samples collected from the windmills originate from Central Europe. The use of local timber is also highly probable although it could not be confirmed by the reference chronologies developed for the three dominant tree species of the island. Conclusions: The results of the study reveal the dendrochronological potential of the island from both dendroarchaeological and dendroecological perspectives. The finding that most of the wood was imported mainly from Turkey highlights the importance of timber trade with the Turkish mainland during the mid-18th and 19th centuries. Chronologies developed from living trees could be used in future studies for dating historical material while further research would increase our understanding of past timber trade and the island’s history.Publication Open Access Agropastoral economies and land use in Bronze Age Western Anatolia(Taylor _ Francis, 2021) Marston, John M.; Çakırlar, Canan; Kovacik, Peter; Slim, Francesca G.; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Shin, Nami; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED); College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235115; 235112; N/AThe Middle and Late Bronze Ages of western Anatolia (modern Turkey) remains poorly understood in comparison with its Mycenaean and Hittite neighbours, especially in agricultural economies and land use. Kaymakci is the largest Middle and Late Bronze Age citadel excavated to date in western Anatolia and new archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data from the site presented here shed new light on regional agricultural economies and land use. Agricultural practices at Kaymakci focused on barley and bitter vetch farming and pig, caprine, and cattle husbandry within a diverse and extensive economic system that made substantial use of wild plants and animals for food, technology, and fuel. Goats and pigs were managed primarily for meat, while sheep and cattle were managed to produce a range of secondary products. Wood charcoal analysis reconstructs both deciduous and evergreen oak woodlands, which also dominate the contemporary landscape. In regional perspective, Kaymakci is most similar to the northern Aegean agricultural tradition, but with elements of Anatolian practices as well, representing a hybrid position between the Aegean and Anatolian worlds as seen in other lines of archaeological evidence from the site.Publication Open Access An insight into Old Hittite metallurgy : alloying practices at Hüseyindede (Çorum, Turkey)(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Arıkan, Gonca Dardeniz; PhD Student; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThis paper presents archaeological and analytical data on metal artefacts from Hüseyindede (Çorum, Turkey), dated to the Old Hittite period (ca 16th century BC). Hüseyindede, which is set in a rural landscape, demonstrates continuity in alloying traditions from the Early Bronze Age III (ca 26th/25th-22nd/21st century BC) and the Assyrian Trading Colonies period (20th-18th century BC) to the emergence of the Hittites. In addition to known alloying practices of the period, the site presents, for the first time, evidence of the existence of copper-nickel alloys, namely cupronickels, which so far have been documented only at the Late Bronze Age capital of the Hittites, Boǧazköy/Hattuša. The Hüseyindede cupronickel objects now pinpoint the presence of this technology to regions spreading out from the Halys basin from the Old Kingdom Hittite period. / Bu makalede, Eski Hitit Dönemi’ne (yaklaşık M.Ö. 16. yy) tarihlenen Hüseyindede (Çorum, Türkiye) yerleşiminde ele geçen maden eserlerin arkeolojik ve analitik verileri sunulmaktadır. Kırsal olarak tanımlanabilecek bir alanda konumlanmış olan Hüseyindede yerleşimi, Erken Tunç Çağı III (M.Ö. 26./25.–22./21. yy) ve Assur Ticaret Kolonileri Çağı’dan (M.Ö. 20.–18. yy) Hititlerin ortaya çıkışına kadar geçen süreçte, maden alaşımlama teknikleri açısından bir sürekliliğin var olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Dönemin bilinen alaşımlama tekniklerinin yanı sıra Hüseyindede’de, kupro-nikel olarak isimlendirilen ve Geç Tunç Çağı’nda Hititlerin başkenti Boğazköy/Hattuša’dan bilinen bakır-nikel alaşımlarının en erken örneklerinin bulunduğuna dair kanıtlar, bu çalışmada sunulmaktadır. Hüseyindede’de ortaya çıkarılan kupro-nikel eserler sayesinde bu alaşımlama teknolojinin, Kızılırmak kavsi içerinde Eski Hitit Dönemi’nden itibaren bilindiği saptanmıştır.Publication Open Access Anatolian pot marks in the 3rd Millennium BC: signage, early state formation, and organization of production(The Suna _ İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (AKMED) / Suna ve İnan Kıraç Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (AKMED), 2020) Hacar, Abdullah; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Yener, Kutlu Aslıhan; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThis study presents new information and interpretation of pot marks applied specifically on "Anatolian Metallic Ware" that are dated to the 3rd millennium BC, and distributed in the southern Konya Plain and the southwestern region of Cappadocia. While many specialists have studied this ware group, also referred to as "Darbogaz" vessels, detailed studies have not been conducted on the pot marks themselves. The finds from the Goltepe excavations, when combined with other research data and ethnographic/ethnoarchaeological records, have helped to classify and interpret this signage. According to our preliminary results, there is no relationship between the pot marks and vessel type, sub-ware group, or ownership. Taking into account the general characteristics of the Anatolian EBA and the production techniques of Anatolian Metallic Ware, we discuss whether the pot marks reflect quality control over the production process and serve interregional connectivity.Publication Open Access Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication(Nature Portfolio, 2021) Yurtman, Erinç; Özer, Onur; Yüncü, Eren; Dağtaş, Nihan Dilşad; Koptekin, Dilek; Çakan, Yasin Gökhan; Özkan, Mustafa; Akbaba, Ali; Kaptan, Damla; Atağ, Gözde; Vural, Kıvılcım Başak; Gündem, Can Yümni; Martin, Louise; Kılınç, Gülşah Merve; Ghalichi, Ayshin; Açan, Sinan Can; Yaka, Reyhan; Sağlıcan, Ekin; Lagerholm, Vendela Kempe; Krzewinska, Maja; Gunther, Torsten; Miranda, Pedro Morell; Pişkin, Evangelia; Sevketoğlu, Müge; Bilgin, C. Can; Atakuman, Ciğdem; Erdal, Yılmaz Selim; Sürer, Elif; Altınışık, N. Ezgi; Lenstra, Johannes A.; Yorulmaz, Sevgi; Abazari, Mohammad Foad; Hoseinzadeh, Javad; Baird, Douglas; Bıcakcı, Erhan; Çevik, Özlem; Gerritsen, Fokke; Gotherstrom, Anders; Somel, Mehmet; Togan, İnci; Özer, Füsun; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Özbal, Rana; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 55583Sheep were among the first domesticated animals, but their demographic history is little understood. Here we analyzed nuclear polymorphism and mitochondrial data (mtDNA) from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating from Epipaleolithic to late Neolithic, comparatively with modern-day breeds and central Asian Neolithic/Bronze Age sheep (OBI). Analyzing ancient nuclear data, we found that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds relative to Asian breeds, a conclusion supported by mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. In contrast, OBI showed higher genetic affinity to present-day Asian breeds. These results suggest that the east-west genetic structure observed in present-day breeds had already emerged by 6000 BCE, hinting at multiple sheep domestication episodes or early wild introgression in southwest Asia. Furthermore, we found that ANS are genetically distinct from all modern breeds. Our results suggest that European and Anatolian domestic sheep gene pools have been strongly remolded since the Neolithic.Publication Open Access Bioarchaeology of Neolithic Çatalhöyük reveals fundamental transitions in health, mobility, and lifestyle in early farmers(National Academy of Sciences, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Haddow, Scott Donald; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThe transition from a human diet based exclusively on wild plants and animals to one involving dependence on domesticated plants and animals beginning 10,000 to 11,000 y ago in Southwest Asia set into motion a series of profound health, lifestyle, social, and economic changes affecting human populations throughout most of the world. However, the social, cultural, behavioral, and other factors surrounding health and lifestyle associated with the foraging-to-farming transition are vague, owing to an incomplete or poorly understood contextual archaeological record of living conditions. Bioarchaeological investigation of the extraordinary record of human remains and their context from Neolithic Çatalhöyük (7100–5950 cal BCE), a massive archaeological site in south-central Anatolia (Turkey), provides important perspectives on population dynamics, health outcomes, behavioral adaptations, interpersonal conflict, and a record of community resilience over the life of this single early farming settlement having the attributes of a protocity. Study of Çatalhöyük human biology reveals increasing costs to members of the settlement, including elevated exposure to disease and labor demands in response to community dependence on and production of domesticated plant carbohydrates, growing population size and density fueled by elevated fertility, and increasing stresses due to heightened workload and greater mobility required for caprine herding and other resource acquisition activities over the nearly 12 centuries of settlement occupation. These changes in life conditions foreshadow developments that would take place worldwide over the millennia following the abandonment of Neolithic Çatalhöyük, including health challenges, adaptive patterns, physical activity, and emerging social behaviors involving interpersonal violence.Publication Open Access Book review: Iron Age Anatolia(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2013) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Aslan, Carolyn Chabot; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 57663