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Publication Metadata only Archaeology and artifacts of the Gallipoli peninsula(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679Apart from a few years of illegal archaeological excavations in the late nineteenth century by the famed German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann, and brief archaeological campaigns undertaken during and shortly after World War One by the French Expeditionary Forces, the Gallipoli peninsula was effectively off-limits to archaeologists and maintained as a Turkish military zone until 1979. Numerous references to the ancient past and topography of the peninsula can be found in the works of Herodotus, Thucydides, Strabo, Xenophon, and others. These authors describe events that occurred on the peninsula during its Classical and earlier historical eras, but historians, philologists, and archaeologists have tended until quite recently to focus their archival research and conduct their excavations on the better-known sites of the opposite shore, such as Troy or Alexandria Troas. Prior to the French excavations at Elaious, Ottoman laws forbidding the removal of antiquities from the empire had been proposed as early as February 1869.Publication Metadata only Commemoration begins for the commonwealth and its allies(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679The Commonwealth War Graves Commission's interest in the peninsula was largely concentrated in the areas where the Allied graves were located and attention was paid to completing infrastructure projects such as roads, small railways, nurseries, and wells, all which were needed to facilitate the building and landscape work for the many commemorative projects envisioned for the former battlefields. Compared to the Gallipoli battlefields, war on the Western Front had stretched out for longer, and the number of casualties was far higher. The British government, therefore, had decided within the first months of the war that the state should take over the responsibility for the burial and commemoration of its war dead. Once the standards and guidelines for memorializing the war dead were decided, headstones of uniform design and dimensions were created for Gallipoli, as they were throughout the cemeteries of Europe.Publication Metadata only Commemoration begins for the Ottoman martyrs(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679The Mehmet Cavus Monument had originally been built in 1915 by Commander Mehmet Sefik Aker at the site of Cesarettepe to honor sixty of the Ottoman soldiers who had been killed there in his 19th Division. The less organized commemoration of Ottoman troops who died or were wounded at Gallipoli, when compared to the more systematic efforts undertaken by the Allied countries to bury and commemorate their Gallipoli dead immediately after the war ended, has been noted in many studies of the campaign. In the late Ottoman Empire, prior to World War One, there were very few state-commissioned public monuments to commemorate collectively those who died fighting for the sultan. Stylistic and iconographic choices made by most architects of the earliest commemorative Ottoman monuments generally followed the architectural trends for commemorative monuments in Europe, which was itself quite traditional in the 1920s.Publication Metadata only Cultural landscapes of the Gallipoli peninsula(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679Among the Gallipoli peninsula's many layers of cultural landscapes, the one which existed between 1914 and 1916 can be considered as a specific type of heritage: the battlefield terrain. As a cultural landscape, the Gallipoli peninsula has been shaped by centuries of continual interaction between humans and the terrain. The battlefield landscape of Gallipoli is one phase among many of the relationships that humans have had with this region. Many of the late nineteenth century Ottoman cartographers who mapped the peninsula were trained by the French in Paris, and then in Istanbul where they helped to establish the Military Mapping Department in the Ottoman Empire in 1895. In addition to the French, the British were also actively involved in the mapping of the Dardanelles and the Gallipoli peninsula as part of their military reconnaissance in the Ottoman Empire.Publication Metadata only Divided spaces, contested pasts the heritage of the Gallipoli Peninsula(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679The Gallipoli peninsula in Turkey was the site of one of the most tragic and memorable battles of the twentieth century, with the Turks fighting the ANZAC (Australian New Zealand Army Corps) and soldiers from fifteen other countries. This book explores the history of its landscape, its people, and its heritage, from the day that the defeated Allied troops of World War One evacuated the peninsula in January 1916 to the present. It examines how the wartime heritage of this region, both tangible and intangible, is currently being redefined by the Turkish state to bring more of a faith-based approach to the secularist narratives about the origins of the country. It provides a timely and fascinating look at what has happened in the last century to a landscape that was devastated and emptied of its inhabitants at the end of World War One, how it recovered, and why this geography continues to be a site of contested heritage. This book will be a key text for scholars of cultural and historical geography, Ottoman and World War One archaeology, architectural history, commemorative and conflict studies, European military history, critical heritage studies, politics, and international relations.Publication Metadata only Divided spaces, contested pasts: the heritage of the gallipoli peninsula(Taylor and Francis, 2018) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679The Gallipoli peninsula in Turkey was the site of one of the most tragic and memorable battles of the twentieth century, with the Turks fighting the ANZAC (Australian New Zealand Army Corps) and soldiers from fifteen other countries. This book explores the history of its landscape, its people, and its heritage, from the day that the defeated Allied troops of World War One evacuated the peninsula in January 1916 to the present. It examines how the wartime heritage of this region, both tangible and intangible, is currently being redefined by the Turkish state to bring more of a faith-based approach to the secularist narratives about the origins of the country. It provides a timely and fascinating look at what has happened in the last century to a landscape that was devastated and emptied of its inhabitants at the end of World War One, how it recovered, and why this geography continues to be a site of contested heritage. This book will be a key text for scholars of cultural and historical geography, Ottoman and World War One archaeology, architectural history, commemorative and conflict studies, European military history, critical heritage studies, politics, and international relations.Publication Metadata only The future of the Gallipoli peninsula Towards 2023(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679A powerful narrative inscribed onto the landscape of Gallipoli has been shaped by the post-WWI secularist citizens of Turkey, and has focused on the important role played in the battles by the nation's founder Mustafa Kemal Pasha: Ataturk. Proponents of this narrative associate the landscape of Gallipoli primarily with the heroism and tenacity demonstrated by the nation's founder, a key military figure in the Gallipoli battles. Depending on national, political, and religious orientations, visitors to the Gallipoli peninsula follow different routes through the landscape. The itineraries of non-Turkish tourists typically highlight the iconic moments and places experienced on the peninsula by the Allied troops, and/or the Commonwealth and War Graves Commissions' tidy cemeteries and commemorative monuments. The Legend of Gallipoli was part of a much larger project, initiated in 2005 by the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs to develop the touristic infrastructure of the Gallipoli peninsula.