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Publication Open Access Ai driven advanced internet of things (Iotx(2)): the future seems irreversibly connected in medicine(Turkish Society of Cardiology, 2019) Belcastro, Kristen D.; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Ergen, Onur; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; College of Engineering; 272106Publication Open Access Intrinsic auricular muscle zone stimulation improves walking parameters of Parkinson's patients faster than levodopa in the motion capture analysis: a pilot study(Frontiers, 2020) Çakmak, Yusuf O.; Kızıltan, Güneş; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Özsoy, Burak; Ertan, Fatoş Sibel; Çakmak, Özgür Öztop; Özyaprak, Ecem; Özdemir, Yasemin Gürsoy; Eser, Hale Yapıcı; Ölçer, Selim; Ürey, Hakan; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Other; Faculty Member; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Tıp Araştırma Merkezi (KUTTAM); School of Medicine; Graduate School of Health Sciences; College of Engineering; N/A; N/A; 299358; N/A; 170592; 134359; N/A; 8579It has been demonstrated that intrinsic auricular muscles zone stimulation (IAMZS) can improve the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who are examined with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores. In the present pilot study, using motion capture technology, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of IAMZS compared to medication alone or in combination with medication. Ten PD patients (mean age: 54.8 ± 10.1 years) were enrolled. Each participant participated in three different sessions: sole medication, sole stimulation-20 min of IAMZS, and combined IAMZS (20 min) and medication. Each session was performed on different days but at the same time to be aligned with patients' drug intake. Motion capture recording sessions took place at baseline, 20, 40, and 60 min. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Bonferroni correction was implemented for pairwise comparisons. The sole medication was ineffective to improve gait-related parameters of stride length, stride velocity, stance, swing, and turning speed. In the sole-stimulation group, pace-related gait parameters were significantly increased at 20 and 40 min. These improvements were observed in stride length at 20 (p = 0.0498) and 40 (p = 0.03) min, and also in the normalized stride velocity at 40 min (p-value = 0.02). Stride velocity also tended to be significant at 20 min (p = 0.06) in the sole-stimulation group. Combined IAMZS and medication demonstrated significant improvements in all the time segments for pace-related gait parameters [stride length: 20 min (p = 0.04), 40 min (p = 0.01), and 60 min (p < 0.01); stride velocity: 20 min (p < 0.01), 40 min (p = 0.01), and 60 min (p < 0.01)]. These findings demonstrated the fast action of the IAMZS on PD motor symptoms. Moreover, following the termination of IAMZS, a prolonged improvement in symptoms was observed at 40 min. The combined use of IAMZS with medication showed the most profound improvements. The IAMZS may be particularly useful during medication off periods and may also postpone the long-term side effects of high-dose levodopa. A large scale multicentric trial is required to validate the results obtained from this pilot study.Publication Open Access Rapid alleviation of Parkinson's disease symptoms via electrostimulation of intrinsic auricular muscle zones(Frontiers, 2017) Cakmak, Yusuf O.; Apaydin, Hulya; Kiziltan, Gunes; Gunduz, Aysegul; Ozsoy, Burak; Cakmak, Ozgur O.; Ozdemir, Yasemin G.; Ertan, Sibel; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Ölçer, Selim; Ürey, Hakan; Other; Faculty Member; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; College of Engineering; N/A; 8579Background: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) and the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) significantly improve cardinal motor symptoms and postural instability and gait difficulty, respectively, in Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective and Hypothesis: Intrinsic auricular muscle zones (IAMZs) allow the potential to simultaneously stimulate the C2 spinal nerve, the trigeminal nerve, the facial nerve, and sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in addition to providing muscle feedback and control areas including the STN, the PPN and mesencephalic locomotor regions. Our aim was to observe the clinical responses to IAMZ stimulation in PD patients.Method: Unilateral stimulation of an IAMZ, which includes muscle fibers for proprioception, the facial nerve, and C2, trigeminal and autonomic nerve fibers, at 130 Hz was performed in a placebo-and sham-controlled, double-blinded, within design, two-armed study of 24 PD patients.Results: The results of the first arm (10 patients) of the present study demonstrated a substantial improvement in Unified Parkinson's Disease Ratings Scale (UPDRS) motor scores due to 10 min of IAMZ electrostimulation (p = 0.0003, power: 0.99) compared to the placebo control (p = 0.130). A moderate to large clinical difference in the improvement in UPDRS motor scores was observed in the IAMZ electrostimulation group. The results of the second arm (14 patients) demonstrated significant improvements with dry needling (p = 0.011) and electrostimulation of the IAMZ (p < 0.001) but not with sham electrostimulation (p = 0.748). In addition, there was a significantly greater improvement in UPDRS motor scores in the IAMZ electrostimulation group compared to the IAMZ dry needling group (p < 0.001) and the sham electrostimulation (p < 0.001) groups. The improvement in UPDRS motor scores of the IAMZ electrostimulation group (Delta UPDRS = 5.29) reached moderate to high clinical significance, which was not the case for the dry needling group (Delta UPDRS = 1.54). In addition, both arms of the study demonstrated bilateral improvements in motor symptoms in response to unilateral IAMZ electrostimulation. Conclusion: The present study is the first demonstration of a potential role of IAMZ electrical stimulation in improving the clinical motor symptoms of PD patients in the short term.
Publication Metadata only Vehicular networks for combating a worldwide pandemic: preventing the spread of COVID-19(Elsevier, 2022) Elbir, Ahmet M.; Papazafeiropoulos, Anastasios K.; Kourtessis, Pandelis; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; N/A; N/A; Ergen, Sinem Çöleri; Gürbilek, Gökhan; Soner, Burak; Faculty Member; PhD Student; PhD Student; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; College of Engineering; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; 7211; N/A; N/AAs a worldwide pandemic, the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has caused serious restrictions in people's social life, along with the loss of lives, the collapse of economies and the disruption of humanitarian aids. Despite the advance of technological developments, we, as researchers, have witnessed that several issues need further investigation for a better response to a pandemic outbreak. Therefore, researchers recently started developing ideas to stop or at least reduce the spread of the pandemic. While there have been some prior works on wireless networks for combating a pandemic scenario, vehicular networks and their potential bottlenecks have not yet been fully examined. Furthermore, the vehicular scenarios can be identified as the locations, where the social distancing is mostly violated. With this motivation, this article provides an extensive discussion on vehicular networking for combating a pandemic. We provide the major applications of vehicular networking for combating COVID-19 in public transportation, in-vehicle diagnosis, border patrol and social distance monitoring. Next, we identify the unique characteristics of the collected data in terms of privacy, flexibility and coverage, then highlight corresponding future directions in privacy preservation, resource allocation, data caching and data routing. We believe that this work paves the way for the development of new products and algorithms that can facilitate the social life and help controlling the spread of the pandemic.