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Department: search.filters.department.Department of International RelationsSubject: search.filters.subject.Communication

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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Biased perceptions against female scientists affect intentions to get vaccinated for COVID-19
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2022) Kuru, Ozan; Yıldırım, Kerem; N/A; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of Psychology; Department of International Relations; Doğan, İsminaz; Baruh, Lemi; Cemalcılar, Zeynep; Çarkoğlu, Ali; Master Student; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of Psychology; Department of International Relations; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; N/A; 36113; 40374; 125588
    Based on role congruity theory, we investigated how gender bias may influence public attitudes toward the vaccine in Turkey. Using a between-subjects design, we tested whether an emphasis on the female versus the male scientist as the vaccine's inventor in a news story influenced attitudes about the BioNTech vaccine and vaccination intentions. Partly confirming role congruity theory, three-way interaction results from 665 participants demonstrated that among male participants with a stronger belief in traditional gender roles (compared to males with lower belief), the presence of the female inventor, either by herself or together with the male inventor, decreased the perceived efficacy and safety of the vaccine and reduced intentions to be vaccinated by the BioNTech vaccine. We did not observe such differences for women. These findings highlight how gender bias may influence individuals' information processing and decision making in a way that may have negative consequences for public health.
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    Do voters respond to relative economic performance?: evidence from survey experiments
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2020) Department of International Relations; Aytaç, Selim Erdem; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 224278
    An emerging literature suggests that economic voting is driven by incumbents' relative performance, that is, how the national economy performed relative to recent past outcomes in the country (domestic comparison) and in a cross-national perspective (international comparison). While scholars have presented macro-level evidence in this direction, to date there has been scant micro-level evidence as to whether voters' evaluations of incumbent competence are shaped by relative performance. This article contributes to the literature by presenting two population-based survey experiments fielded in the United Kingdom and in Istanbul, Turkey. Both British and Turkish voters' evaluations of incumbent competence are affected by information about how well the economy performed in domestic and international comparisons, though Turkish voters seem to react to international performance comparison to a lesser degree than to a domestic one. In both countries highly educated individuals are more responsive to the incumbent's relative international performance. These results provide support for macro-level analyses that highlight the importance of incumbents' relative performance for economic voting.
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    Dynamics of campaign reporting and press-party parallelism: Rise of competitive authoritarianism and the media system in Turkey
    (Taylor and Francis, 2021) Yildirim, Kerem; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of International Relations; Baruh, Lemi; Çarkoğlu, Ali; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of International Relations; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 36113; 125588
    How do press-party parallelism dynamics unfold in media systems that experience competitive authoritarianism? We analyze the content of news coverage of political parties across four consecutive national election campaigns in Turkey (2002, 2007, 2011, and 2015) to track changes in press-party parallelism. We explore three dimensions of press-party parallelism in order to study its dynamics: visibility of political parties, the effective number of parties represented in newspapers, and lastly, favorability toward political parties. First, within each campaign cycle, as election day approaches, visibility of the incumbent party increases while the visibility of other parties tends to decline. Likewise, the incumbent party's visibility increases across the four elections we study. Second, for all newspaper groups, the number of parties that receive favorable or unfavorable coverage declines over consecutive election terms. Third, the incumbent party is the only that gains in terms of positive coverage within and across each election campaign period. Taken together, we show evidence for press-party parallelism dynamics in a competitive authoritarian country.
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    Partisan bias in COVID-19 conspiracy theories: news reliance and the moderating role of trust in health authorities
    (Taylor and Francis, 2023) Wu, Yuanyuan; Kuru, Ozan; Yildirim, Kerem; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of International Relations; Department of Psychology; Baruh, Lemi; Çarkoğlu, Ali; Cemalcılar, Zeynep; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of International Relations; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 36113; 125588; 40374
    Neglecting the role of political bias in the public's perceptions of health authorities could be deceptive when studying potentially politicized COVID-19 conspiracy theories (CCTs); however, previous studies often treated health authorities as a single entity and did not distinguish between different types of CCTs. Drawing from motivated reasoning theory, we investigate the politically motivated nature of CCTs by examining their associations with individuals' media reliance, party identification, conspiratorial mentality, and importantly, trust in (politicized or independent) health authorities. In a national survey conducted in late 2020 (N = 2,239) in Turkey, a heavily polarized context, we found that not accounting for political identities shown in CCTs and health authorities could be misleading. While those with a strong conspiracy mentality were more likely to endorse all types of CCTs, party identification and trust in different types of health authorities led people to believe in certain CCTs aligning with their political attitudes. The influence of media reliance on CCTs depended on the level of trust in health authorities, again suggestive of the influence of political partialities.
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    Press-party parallelism and polarization of news media during an election campaign: the case of the 2011 Turkish elections
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2014) Department of International Relations; Department of Media and Visual Arts; N/A; Çarkoğlu, Ali; Baruh, Lemi; Yıldırım, Kerem; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; PhD Student; Department of International Relations; Department of Media and Visual Arts; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 125588; 36113; 272085
    The aim of this article is to examine press-party parallelism during the 2011 national elections in Turkey. The article reports findings from a content analysis of 9,127 news articles and editorial columns from fifteen newspapers regarding the trajectory of press-party parallelism over the course of the twelve-week national elections campaign period. We focus on two indicators of press-party parallelism: (1) respective "voice" given to the two leading parties, calculated as the ratio of news that quoted sources from the incumbent Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (AKP) to the leading opposition party Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP) and (2) news articles' tones toward AKP and CHP. The newspapers that were content analyzed were first categorized into three groups based on survey data regarding the voting intentions of their readers: (1) a group of "conservative" newspapers whose readers intended to vote primarily for AKP, (2) a group of "mainstream broadsheets," and (3) a group of "opposition" newspapers with a readership base intending to vote for CHP. The findings suggest that over the course of the election campaign, internal pluralism in both conservative and opposition papers declined in terms of voice given to respective parties and tone of news coverage.
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    Resisting censorship: how citizens navigate closed media environments
    (University of Southern California, 2016) Behrouzian, Golnoosh; Nisbet, Erik C.; Dal, Aysenur; Department of International Relations; Çarkoğlu, Ali; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 125588
    Why do citizens seek alternative online information sources in censored mass media environments? How do they react to perceived media censorship? Drawing on psychological reactance and work in comparative democratization, we propose a new communication construct called motivated resistance to censorship, which assesses cognitive and affective reactions to perceived censorship and, in turn, predicts online information seeking as a mitigation strategy. We evaluate our proposed construct based on two survey studies in Turkey including a national face-to-face household survey of Turkish respondents (N = 1,161) and a second survey of Turkish Internet users (N = 2,002). Our results validate the central propositions of our model. We discuss the contributions of adopting reactance theory to better understand citizen responses to media censorship and future directions for research.
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    Support for censorship of online and offline media: The partisan divide in Turkey
    (Sage, 2021) Andi, Simge; Department of International Relations; Çarkoğlu, Ali; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 125588
    The increasing popularity of online news and social media sites has made it more difficult than ever to control the flow of information. However, governments across the world are successfully continuing to restrict access to content that adversely affects their interests. This study examines the determinants of public support for censorship, as public support is likely to influence governments' ability to regulate information. Using the Balance Theory and nationally representative survey data from Turkey, we analyze the support for censorship of both online and offline media. Our results suggest that pro-censorship attitudes are positively associated with peoples' sympathy for the censor.