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Publication Metadata only Bargaining with multinationals: why state capacity matters(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Department of International Relations; Bakır, Caner; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 108141Dominant models of bargaining between states and multinational corporations (MNCs) have widely held that bargaining relations, especially in high-technology manufacturing, have changed from confrontational to cooperative. It is consequently argued that there is little formal entry bargaining among these actors. However, there are three primary weaknesses in this literature. First, the understanding of outcomes is limited to the terms of investment agreements. This static view ignores the dynamics of bargaining processes and decisions not to invest, which also deserve explanation. Second, it is MNC-centric, ignoring state's privileged role in relation to the governance of entry bargaining in domestic policy-making processes. Third, it views state as a monolithic entity, ignoring the bargaining that occurs inside states. To redress these issues, this article offers a state-centric bargaining model. It identifies administrative and institutional capacity as two critical components of state capacity. It chooses the entry bargaining from 2005, when Hyundai Motors Corporation considered establishing a USD1.5 billion car-manufacturing plant in Turkey. It shows that state capacity in the governance of a domestic policy-making process affects the outcome of entry bargaining: When state capacity is weak, an MNC's decision not to invest is a more likely outcome.Publication Metadata only Beyond the 2001 financial crisis: the political economy of the new phase of neo-liberal restructuring in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2009) N/A; Department of International Relations; Öniş, Ziya; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 7715Turkey has experienced consecutive financial crises in 2000 and 2001. the crisis of 2001 was particularly far-reaching in terms of its impact, resulting in a major collapse of output and employment. It was also quite distinct in terms of its income distributional consequences in the sense that not only the wage earners, but all sections of society at varying degrees encountered its negative consequences. the crisis also provided an avenue for a new wave of neo-liberal restructuring with a major emphasis on regulatory reforms. Turkey's political economy in the post-2001 era is investigated on the basis of four key inter-related elements: the impact of the IMF and the World Bank; the restructuring of the state's relationship with the domestic financial sector especially through regulatory reforms; the opening up of Turkey to foreign direct investment; and the adoption of a wide range of reforms modelled on the European Union, in line with the goal of entry into the EU. indeed, the regional context associated with EU conditionality has provided the political focus of the process as a whole. a key hypothesis is that Turkey continues to be vulnerable in spite of the fact that the banking sector is much more tightly regulated in line with international norms during the post-crisis era.Publication Metadata only Central Asia in transition: dilemmas of political and economic development - rumer,b(Routledge Journals, Taylor and Francis Ltd, 1997) N/A; Department of International Relations; Kubicek, Paul J.; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; N/AN/APublication Metadata only Ebola: a significant threat as an infectious disease, and as a potential bioterrorism agent(TÜBİTAK , 2005) Üstün, Çağatay; Department of International Relations; Özgürler, Özge; Undergraduate Student; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; N/AN/APublication Metadata only Emerging market multinationals in Europe(Taylor and Francis, 2016) Brennan, Louis; Department of International Relations; Bakır, Caner; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 108141N/APublication Metadata only Emerging multinationals in Europe what have we learnt?(Routledge, 2016) Brennan, Louis; Department of International Relations; Bakır, Caner; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 108141Emerging multinational corporations (EMNCs) are a new and powerful force in global competition and are challenging the incumbency of much older global companies from the developed world. In 2014 MNCs from developing economies alone accounted for a record share of 35 percent of global FDI. The aim of this book has been to improve our understanding of EMNCs’ behaviour in Europe. The preceding chapters of the book have provided a range of perspectives on this behaviour. In this concluding chapter, the main findings are summarised under four main headings: Characterising and quantifying EMNCs in Europe; Drivers, motivations, and strategies of EMNCs in Europe; Country-specific EMNCs in Europe; and Country and industry studies.Publication Metadata only Environmental concerns in Turkey: a comparative perspective(I B Tauris & Co Ltd, 2017) Department of International Relations; Çarkoğlu, Ali; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 125588N/APublication Metadata only Favoring co-partisan controlled areas in central government distributive programs: the role of local party organizations(Springer, 2021) Kemahlioğlu, Özge; Department of International Relations; Bayer, Reşat; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 51395We analyze the non-contributory health insurance program ("green cards") in Turkey with RDD (Regression Discontinuity Design) and show that more citizens receive green cards in municipalities controlled by the national incumbent party, AKP (Adalalet ve Kalkinma Partisi). Our explanation for the finding emphasizes the role of local party organizations and sub-national incumbency. Local government control provides additional resources to the party to strengthen its organization, which then helps the party to target the beneficiaries of central government programs like green cards more effectively. Theoretically, we join the literature that uncovers the significance of incorporating local actors into the analysis of central government programs. Our contribution lies in depicting the mediating role of political parties and their local organizations. Even in a highly centralized context like Turkey, parties' informal role affects program implementation. Unequal access to free healthcare results from the asymmetry between national and opposition parties in how their local organizations interact with the central government.Publication Metadata only Finance and monetary policy styles(2021) Department of International Relations; N/A; Bakır, Caner; Çoban, Mehmet Kerem; Faculty Member; Researcher; Department of International Relations; N/A; The Center for Research on Globalization, Peace, and Democratic Governance (GLODEM) / Küreselleşme, Barış ve Demokratik Yönetişim Araştırma Merkezi (GLODEM); College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; N/A; 108141; 346796This chapter explains the trajectory of finance and monetary policy styles and policies produced since 1945. It examines three policy styles: hierarchical-proactive (lasting from 1945 to the early 1970s), consensual-reactive (prominent from the late 1970s through the GFC), and the refined type of the consensual-reactive style (emerging in the post-GFC context). It argues that finance and monetary policy have transformed from heavy state control in the wake of the Second World War to an industry-dominant pressure pluralist mode in the post-GFC era, demonstrating a mere refinement of the consensual-reactive style despite the re-emergence of the state in crisis management policies. The chapter shows that shifts in styles took place as financial crises challenged the legitimacy of policy styles, monopoly of policy subsystems, and policy paradigms.Publication Metadata only Financial globalization, the democratic deficit, and recurrent crises in emerging markets - the Turkish experience in the aftermath of capital account liberalization(Taylor & Francis, 2003) Alper, C.E.; Department of International Relations; Öniş, Ziya; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 7715Financial globalization offers both risks and benefits for countries of the semi-periphery or "emerging markets." Politics within the national space matters, yet acquires a new meaning, in the age of financial globalization. "Weak democracies" are characterized by limited accountability and transparency of the state and other key political institutions. Such democracies tend to suffer from populist cycles, which result in a low capacity to carry out economic reform. Financial globalization, in turn, magnifies populist cycles and renders their consequences more severe. Hence, "weak democracies" are confronted with the predominantly negative side of financial globalization, which includes overdependence on short-term capital flows, speculative attacks, and recurrent financial crises leading to slow growth and a more regressive income distributional profile. The relevance of these sets of propositions are illustrated with reference to the case of Turkey, which, indeed, experienced recurrent financial crises in the post-capital account liberalization era, with costly consequences for the real economy. Two general conclusions follow. First, there is a need to strengthen democracy in the developing world. Second, since this is hard to accomplish over a short period of time, serious questions are raised concerning the desirability of early exposure to financial globalization given the current state of the world.