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Department: search.filters.department.Department of Mechanical EngineeringSubject: search.filters.subject.Biology

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    In silico evaluation of lattice designs for additively manufactured total hip implants
    (Elsevier, 2022) Izri, Zineddine; Bijanzad, Armin; Department of Mechanical Engineering; N/A; Lazoğlu, İsmail; Torabnia, Shams; Faculty Member; PhD Student; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Manufacturing and Automation Research Center (MARC); College of Engineering; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; 179391
    Additive manufacturing restructures the fabrication of custom medical implants and transforms the design, topology optimization, and material selection perspectives in biomechanical applications. Additionally, it facilitated the design and fabrication of patient-oriented hip implants. Selection of proper lattice type is critical in additive manufacturing of hip implants. The lattice types reduce the implant mass and, due to higher stress distribution and deformations as compared to the rigid implants, it brings down the stress shielding issues. This study introduces a rigid shell structure and infill lattice hip implant.Additionally, the effect of various lattice unit cell thickness (0.2-1 mm) and elemental size (2.5-5 mm) while applying 2300 N axial force is explored numerically. A cubic structure with two rigid surfaces on the top and bottom is outlined to separate the effect of the hip implant cross-sectional area variations. The stress distribution and deformation characteristics are validated with the hip implant design. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) demonstrated that the Weaire-Phelan lattice structure exhibits the least stress and deformation among the other types at various design parameters. Additionally, the same methodology is applied to three biocompatible hip implant materials as Ti-6Al-4V, TA15 (Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V), and CoCr28Mo6. Finally, the effect of the unit cell thickness and size on the implant's mass reduction considering the lattice's safety factor is investigated for the mentioned materials. The selection of a Weaire-Phelan lattice with the optimized safety factor and mass reduction is represented considering all the results. The optimized parameters for Titanium-based alloys are approximately 3.5 mm unit cell size with 0.6 mm beam thickness. However, the CoCr Mo-based alloy requires a thicker beam size (about 0.8 mm) due to lower safety factors.
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    Motile-cilia-mediated flow improves sensitivity and temporal resolution of olfactory computations
    (Cell Press, 2017) Reiten, Ingrid; Fore, Stephanie; Pelgrims, Robbrecht; Ringers, Christa; Verdugo, Carmen Diaz; Hoffman, Maximillian; Lal, Pradeep; Kawakami, Koichi; Yaksi, Emre; Jurisch-Yaksi, Nathalie; Department of Mechanical Engineering; N/A; Pekkan, Kerem; Uslu, Fazıl Emre; Faculty Member; Master Student; Department of Mechanical Engineering; College of Engineering; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; 161845; N/A
    Motile cilia are actively beating hair-like structures that cover the surface of multiple epithelia. The flow that ciliary beating generates is utilized for diverse functions and depends on the spatial location and biophysical properties of cilia. Here we show that the motile cilia in the nose of aquatic vertebrates are spatially organized and stably beat with an asymmetric pattern, resulting in a robust and stereotypical flow around the nose. Our results demonstrate that these flow fields attract odors to the nose pit and facilitate detection of odors by the olfactory system in stagnant environments. Moreover, we show that ciliary beating quickly exchanges the content of the nose, thereby improving the temporal resolution of the olfactory system for detecting dynamic changes of odor plumes in turbulent environments. Altogether, our work unravels a central function of ciliary beating for generating flow fields that increase the sensitivity and the temporal resolution of olfactory computations in the vertebrate brain.