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Publication Open Access “No worries, there is no error-free leadership!”: error strain, worries about leadership, and leadership career intentions among non-leaders(Stockholm University Press, 2022) Auvinen, E.; Tsupari, H.; Herttalampi, M.; Feldt, T.; Department of Psychology; Aycan, Zeynep; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 5798The growing body of research suggests that leadership is not among the most attractive career goals, especially for the younger work force. However, the need for leadership has not diminished. To shed light on the “problem of supply”, this study addresses the question of why high-potential individuals (i.e., non-leaders) do not pursue leadership positions by focusing on worries about leadership (WAL) and error-related strain. We had two aims: (1) to identify different profiles of WAL among highly educated professionals, and (2) to explore whether their error strain and leadership career intentions differ among the identified WAL profiles. Data were gathered from 955 highly educated Finnish employees representing different sectors. WAL was measured by a three-dimensional scale consisting of worries about failure, work-life imbalance, and harming others. Based on the Latent Profile Analysis, six WAL profiles emerged: (1) Average-WAL (37% of respondents), (2) Low-WAL (34%), (3) High-WAL (6%), (4) Failure-sensitive (9%), (5) Imbalance-sensitive (4%) and (6) Harm-sensitive (11%). Professionals in the Low-WAL profile reported the lowest error strain, whereas employees in the profiles of High-WAL and Failure-sensitive reported the highest error strain. Employees in the Low-WALprofile were more willing to pursue a leadership career in an unfamiliar organization compared to employees in other profiles. In addition, employees within the Low-WAL profile were more willing to pursue a leadership career in an unfamiliar organization compared to their home organization. Implications of our findings and future directions are discussed.Publication Open Access A comprehensive ınvestigation of associations of objective and subjective socioeconomic status with perceived health and subjective well-being(Ubiquity Press, 2020) Department of Psychology; Cemalcılar, Zeynep; Kezer, Murat; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 40374; N/ASocioeconomic status (SES) accounts for disparities in health and well-being. Recent studies consider the effects of individuals' subjective standing in society (i.e., subjective SES) as well as the traditional (objective) indicators of SES (i.e., income, education, occupational status), in predominantly Western samples. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of associations of objective and subjective SES with individuals' perceived health and well-being in a representative sample of young adults (aged 18-35; N = 3016) from a non-WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic) population (i.e., Turkey), employing polynomial regressions and plotting the results onto a three-dimensional plane. Findings confirmed the value of polynomial regression to understanding the relationship of different types of SES with perceived health and well-being. For instance, while perceived overall health was descriptively greater when objective-SES exceeded subjective-SES, the reverse was the case for happiness, one indicator of well-being. Our findings also suggest an additive effect of the two types of socioeconomic status on majority of the outcome variables; individuals' perceptions of overall health, life satisfaction, happiness, and financial satisfaction were enhanced when they reported higher scores on both objective and subjective SES.Publication Open Access A multi-site collaborative study of the hostile priming effect(University of California Press, 2021) McCarthy, Randy; Gervais, Will; Aczel, Balazs; Al-Kire, Rosemary L.; Aveyard, Mark; Baraldo, Silvia Marcella; Basch, Charlotte; Baumert, Anna; Bettencourt, Ann; Bitar, Adam; Bouxom, Hugo; Buck, Ashley; Chekroun, Peggy; Chen, Jacqueline M.; del Fresno-Diaz, Angel; Ducham, Alec; Edlund, John E.; ElBassiouny, Amanda; Evans, Thomas Rhys; Ewell, Patrick J.; Forscher, Patrick S.; Fuglestad, Paul T.; Hauck, Lauren; Hawk, Christopher E.; Hermann, Anthony D.; Hines, Bryon; Irumva, Mukunzi; Jordan, Lauren N.; Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A.; Haley, Catherine; Kacmar, Pavol; Koerner, Robert; Kosaka, Muriel; Kovacs, Marton; Lair, Elicia C.; Legal, Jean-Baptiste; Leighton, Dana C.; Magee, Michael W.; Markman, Keith; Martoncik, Marcel Mueller, Martin; Norman, Jasmine B.; Olsen, Jerome; Oyler, Danielle; Phills, Curtis E.; Ribeiro, Gianni; Rohain, Alia; Sakaluk, John; Schuetz, Astrid; Toribio-Florez, Daniel; Tsang, Jo-Ann; Vezzoli, Michela; Williams, Caitlin; Willis, Guillermo B.; Young, Jason; Zogmaister, Cristina; Department of Psychology; Baruh, Lemi; Cemalcılar, Zeynep; Kezer, Murat; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 36113; 40374; N/AIn a now-classic study by Srull and Wyer (1979), people who were exposed to phrases with hostile content subsequently judged a man as being more hostile. And this “hostile priming effect” has had a significant influence on the field of social cognition over the subsequent decades. However, a recent multi-lab collaborative study (McCarthy et al., 2018) that closely followed the methods described by Srull and Wyer (1979) found a hostile priming effect that was nearly zero, which casts doubt on whether these methods reliably produce an effect. To address some limitations with McCarthy et al. (2018), the current multi-site collaborative study included data collected from 29 labs. Each lab conducted a close replication (total N = 2,123) and a conceptual replication (total N = 2,579) of Srull and Wyer's methods. The hostile priming effect for both the close replication (d = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.22], z = 1.34, p =.16) and the conceptual replication (d = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.15], z = 1.15, p =.58) were not significantly different from zero and, if the true effects are non-zero, were smaller than what most labs could feasibly and routinely detect. Despite our best efforts to produce favorable conditions for the effect to emerge, we did not detect a hostile priming effect. We suggest that researchers should not invest more resources into trying to detect a hostile priming effect using methods like those described in Srull and Wyer (1979).Publication Open Access A multilevel analysis of the relationship between leaders' experiential avoidance and followers' well-being(Springer, 2022) Köydemir, Selda; Fehn, Theresa; Bilgiç, İlkyaz D.; Gauglitz, İris; Schutz, Astrid; Department of Psychology; Varol, Melisa; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesExperiential avoidance is defined as a process involving excessive negative evaluations of difficult or unwanted feelings, thoughts, and sensations, an unwillingness to remain in contact with and express these experiences, and habitual attempts to avoid or control them. Experiential avoidance is closely associated with maladaptive functioning. Although the ability to connect with internal experiences has been considered an important element of effective leadership, this assumption has not yet been empirically tested. On the basis of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy model of experiential avoidance and the propositions of leadership models (e.g., transformational and authentic leadership) that characterize leadership as an emotion-related process, we examined the relationship between leaders' experiential avoidance and their followers' well-being in a sample of leader-follower triads. Well-being outcomes were subjective happiness, purpose in life, and job satisfaction. We also tested the mediating roles of followers' basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration in this relationship. Multilevel mediation model analyses suggested that followers' psychological need frustration but not need satisfaction mediated the relationship between leaders' experiential avoidance and followers' well-being outcomes. Thus, a rigid attitude toward one's internal experiences as a leader is a risk factor for followers' well-being because leaders with such attitudes may pay little attention to their followers and give rise to need frustration in their followers. Organizational efforts to increase leaders' flexibility in dealing with negative experiences can help foster well-being among both leaders and their followers.Publication Open Access A review on complementary natures of tangible user interfaces (TUIs) and early spatial learning(Elsevier, 2018) Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of Psychology; Göksun, Tilbe; Alaca, Ilgım Veryeri; Yantaç, Asım Evren; Baykal, Gökçe Elif; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of Psychology; KU Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR) / KU Arçelik Yaratıcı Endüstriler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (KUAR); College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 47278; 50569; 52621; N/ASpatial skills are essential for everyday tasks, and technology blends seamlessly into children's everyday environment. Since spatiality as a term is ubiquitous in experience this paper bridges literature in two fields: theories on early spatial learning in cognitive development and potential benefits of tangible user interfaces (TUIs) for supporting very young children's spatial skills. Studies suggest that the period between 2 and 4 years of age is critical for training spatial skills (e.g., mental rotation), which relate to further success in STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and math) disciplines. We first present a review of the empirical findings on spatial skills, early interventions, and tools (i.e., narrative and gesture input) recommended for training preschool children's spatial skills. By situating the work within the use and benefits of manipulatives (e.g., building blocks, puzzles, shapes) combined with digital affordances in interaction design, we address the relevance of TUIs as complementary tools for spatial learning. We concentrate on the supporting properties of TUIs that enable playful learning, make storytelling more concrete, and provide embodiment effects through physicality. Through various products found in the market and literature that address the physical–digital convergence, we invite designers and researchers to consider design practices and applicable technology that build on present efforts and paradigms in this area. To contribute to this area, we conclude with a discussion of the gaps in design methods to develop technologies for children younger than 4 years old, and propose directions for future work to leverage new tools that serve very young children's spatial learning and possible inquiries for dual payoff.Publication Open Access A simplified model of communication between time cells: accounting for the linearly increasing timing imprecision(Frontiers, 2019) Department of Psychology; Balcı, Fuat; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 51269Many organisms can time intervals flexibly on average with high accuracy but substantial variability between the trials. One of the core psychophysical features of interval timing functions relates to the signatures of this timing variability; for a given individual, the standard deviation of timed responses/time estimates is nearly proportional to their central tendency (scalar property). Many studies have aimed at elucidating the neural basis of interval timing based on the neurocomputational principles in a fashion that would explain the scalar property. Recent experimental evidence shows that there is indeed a specialized neural system for timekeeping. This system, referred to as the “time cells,” is composed of a group of neurons that fire sequentially as a function of elapsed time. Importantly, the time interval between consecutively firing time cell ensembles has been shown to increase with more elapsed time. However, when the subjective time is calculated by adding the distributions of time intervals between these sequentially firing time cell ensembles, the standard deviation would be compressed by the square root function. In light of this information the question becomes, “How should the signaling between the sequentially firing time cell ensembles be for the resulting variability to increase linearly with time as required by the scalar property?” We developed a simplified model of time cells that offers a mechanism for the synaptic communication of the sequentially firing neurons to address this ubiquitous property of interval timing. The model is composed of a single layer of time cells formulated in the form of integrate-and-fire neurons with feed-forward excitatory connections. The resulting behavior is simple neural wave activity. When this model is simulated with noisy conductances, the standard deviation of the time cell spike times increases proportionally to the mean of the spike-times. We demonstrate that this statistical property of the model outcomes is robustly observed even when the values of the key model parameters are varied.Publication Open Access Adverse childhood experiences and global mental health: avenues to reduce the burden of child and adolescent mental disorders(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2022) Ceccarelli, C.; Prina, E.; Muneghina, O.; Jordans, M.; Barker, E.; Miller, K.; Singh, R.; Sorsdhal, K.; Cuijpers, P.; Lund, C.; Barbui, C.; Purgato, M.; Department of Psychology; Acartürk, Ceren; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 39271Mental disorders are one of the largest contributors to the burden of disease globally, this holds also for children and adolescents, especially in low-and middle-income countries. The prevalence and severity of these disorders are influenced by social determinants, including exposure to adversity. When occurring early in life, these latter events are referred to as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). In this editorial, we provide an overview of the literature on the role of ACEs as social determinants of mental health through the lenses of global mental health. While the relation between ACEs and mental health has been extensively explored, most research was centred in higher income contexts. We argue that findings from the realm of global mental health should be integrated into that of ACEs, e.g. through preventative and responsive psychosocial interventions for children, adolescents and their caregivers. The field of global mental health should also undertake active efforts to better address ACEs in its initiatives, all with the goal of reducing the burden of mental disorders among children and adolescents globally.Publication Open Access Adverse childhood experiences and global mental health: avenues to reduce the burden of child and adolescent mental disorders- Corrigendum (vol 31, E75, 2022)(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2022) Ceccar, C.; Prina, E.; Muneghina, O.; Jordans, M.; Barker, E.; Miller, K.; Singh, R.; Sorsdhal, K.; Cuijpers, P.; Lund, C.; Barbui, C.; Purgato, M.; Department of Psychology; Acartürk, Ceren; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 39271Publication Open Access Age-dependent decline in learning and memory performances of WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy(BioMed Central, 2012) Karson, Ayşe; Utkan, Tijen; Arıcıoğlu, Feyza; Ateş, Nurbay; Department of Psychology; Balcı, Fuat; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 51269Recent clinical studies revealed emotional and cognitive impairments associated with absence epilepsy. Preclinical research with genetic models of absence epilepsy however have primarily focused on dysfunctional emotional processes and paid relatively less attention to cognitive impairment. In order to bridge this gap, we investigated age-dependent changes in learning and memory performance, anxiety-like behavior, and locomotor activity of WAG/Rij rats (a valid model of generalized absence epilepsy) using passive avoidance, Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, and locomotor activity cage. We tested 5 month-old and 13 month-old WAG/Rij rats and compared their performance to age-matched Wistar rats. Results revealed a decline in emotional and spatial memory of WAG/Rij rats compared to age-matched Wistar rats only at 13 months of age. Importantly, there were no significant differences between WAG/Rij and Wistar rats in terms of anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity at either age. Results pointed at age-dependent learning and memory deficits in the WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy.Publication Open Access Aggression and multi-modal signaling in noise in a common urban songbird(Springer, 2022) Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of Psychology; Akçay, Çağlar; Yelimlieş, Alper; Önsal, Çağla; Faculty Member; Department of Media and Visual Arts; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 272053; N/A; N/AAnthropogenic noise may disrupt signals used to mediate aggressive interactions, leading to more physical aggression between opponents. One solution to this problem is to switch signaling effort to a less noisy modality (e.g., the visual modality). In the present study, we investigate aggressive behaviors and signaling in urban and rural male European robins (Erithacus rubecula) in response to simulated intrusions with or without experimental noise. First, we predicted that urban birds, living in noisier habitats, would be generally more aggressive than rural birds. We also predicted that during simulated intrusions with experimental noise, robins would increase their physical aggression and show a multi-modal shift, i.e., respond with more visual threat displays and sing fewer songs. Finally, we expected the multi-modal shift in response to noise to be stronger in urban birds compared to rural birds. The results showed that urban birds were more aggressive than rural robins, but an increase in aggression with experimental noise was seen only in the rural birds. Urban but not rural birds decreased their song rate in response to noise. Contrary to the multi-modal shift hypothesis, however, there was no evidence of a concurrent increase in visual signals. These results point to a complex role of immediate plasticity and longer-term processes in affecting communication during aggressive interactions under anthropogenic noise. Significance statement Human activity has an enormous effect on wildlife, including on their social behavior. Animals living in urban areas often tend to be more aggressive than those living in rural areas, which may be due to urban acoustic noise making communication between individuals more difficult. In a study with a common songbird, the European robin, we investigated the role of urban acoustic noise in aggression and territorial communication. Urban robins were more aggressive than rural robins, and additional noise in the territory increased aggression in rural but not urban robins. While urban robins decreased their singing effort with additional noise, they did not increase visual signals concurrently. These results suggest that noise can indeed make animals behave more aggressively although the effect may depend on how noisy it is already. These results further our understanding of how human-made noise changes animal communication and social behavior.