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Department: search.filters.department.Department of SociologySubject: search.filters.subject.Literature

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    Classes and status groups in times of great transformation: reading agrarian change in Çukurova through the lens of Yaşar Kemal
    (Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, 2019) Department of Sociology; Gürel, Burak; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 219277
    This study investigates the changing positions of social classes and status groups during the capitalist transformation of agriculture in Turkish Çukurova region throughout the last century from the perspective of Yaşar Kemal’s literary works. The study begins with a methodological discussion on the use of literary works in historical and sociological studies. It stresses three points regarding the agrarian change in Çukurova. Firstly, the resistance of lower classes to the capitalist agrarian transformation had a wide scope spanning from the Luddite-type machine-breaking to land and labor struggles. Secondly, proletarianized villagers viewed wage work as a temporary rather than a permanent condition, which would help them accumulate funds and engage with small-scale farming. Finally, transformations of classes and status groups were closely related. While the previous generations of landlords remained loyal to precapitalist social norms, failed to adapt to capitalist transformation and thereby declined, new generations started to rise, embracing profit maximization as the main goal. / Bu çalışma, geçen yüzyılda Çukurova bölgesinde yaşanan tarımsal dönüşüm sürecinde toplumsal sınıfların ve statü gruplarının değişen konumlarını Yaşar Kemal’in edebi yapıtlarının sunduğu perspektiften inceliyor. Makale edebi eserlerin tarihsel ve sosyolojik çalışmalarda değerlendirilmesine ilişkin yöntemsel bir tartışmayla açılıyor. Daha sonra, Yaşar Kemal’in eserlerinden yola çıkarak Çukurova’daki tarımsal dönüşüme ilişkin üç noktaya dikkat çekiyor. Birincisi, alt sınıfların tarımın kapitalistleşmesine karşı direnişleri Luddite tipi makine kırıcılıktan toprak ve emek mücadelelerine uzanan geniş bir yelpazeye sahipti. İkincisi, proleterleşen köylülerin bir bölümü ücretli işçiliği kalıcı bir durum olarak değil, küçük ölçekli çiftçilik için gereken birikimi yapmaya yardımcı olan geçici uğrak olarak görüyordu. Son olarak, sınıfların ve statü gruplarının dönüşümleri birbirleriyle yakından ilişkiliydi. Kapitalizm öncesi döneme ait toplumsal normlara bağlı kalan toprak ağaları kapitalistleşme sürecine uyum sağlayamayıp gerilemiş, kâr maksimizasyonunu öncelikli hedef olarak gören yeni tip toprak sahipleri bu süreçte yükselişe geçmiştir.
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    The racial formation not taken: occupational careers and the making of jazz album covers, 1950-1969
    (Elsevier, 2024) N/A; Department of Sociology; Büyükokutan, Barış; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    How are racial representations created? I compare two kinds of jazz album cover from the 1950s and 60s to show that the production of culture approach has untapped potential for answering that question. After demonstrating that photographic and modern art -based work constructed Blackness in different ways, I account for photography's domination of the sleeve by focusing on the structure and history of occupational careers. Compared to painters, I show, photographers had (a) easier entry into and harder exit out of cover design, and (b) earlier and more regular access to jazz musicians. Based on these findings, I call for a rethinking of the role of racial projects in racial formation; an elaboration of the production of culture approach; and the expansion of the scope of the interracial coalition concept.
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    Uneven and combined consecration: the mainstream, duplicate, and workaround institutions of jazz
    (Elsevier, 2024) N/A; Department of Sociology; Büyükokutan, Barış; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    I find that jazz gained a toehold in U.S. concert halls, music awards, festivals, and schools in the 1930s, 60s, 70s or 80s. I reconcile this with extant research, which identifies the 1940s and 50s as the crucial moment for jazz, by linking the processes that transpired in the sites I examine to those past research has focused on. During the 1940s and the 50s, facing resistance in the mainstream institutions I highlight, advocates of jazz built alternative institutions that duplicated or worked around the mainstream; some of these then helped jazz enlarge its mainstream foothold. Based on these findings, I extend the conceptualization of consecration as ongoing permanent revolution: in already settled fields, the consecration of new, racially stigmatized art forms may follow from uneven and combined development across multiple institutional sites, constituting a string of loosely-related events of varying intensity. A reassessment of the highbrow-lowbrow scheme follows.