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Publication Metadata only “Poor but achiever”: social capital, ethnicity, school achievement(Eğitim Araştırmaları Birliği, 2018) Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Çelik, Çetin; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 105104This study uses Bourdieu's social capital concept to analyze the impacts of the parental networks on the educational success of their children by comparing student-mother and dropout-mother interviewee pairs living in disadvantaged areas of Istanbul. The findings obtained from the research reveal that; (1) although they live in the same disadvantaged neighbourhoods, students continuing to attend school differ from school dropouts in terms of socioeconomic and ethnic terms; (2) school dropouts are predominantly from Kurdish and Roma families living in marginal poverty; (3) the network structures of the parents of school drop-outs and nondropouts significantly differ in the nexus of socioeconomic resources and ethnicity; and (4) differences in network structures favouring parents of those continuing to attend school are mobilized to improve the school success. This research argues that this differentiation between the two groups regarding opportunities and constraints may be the result of the historical memory of the ethnic groups who occupy differing positioning the ethnoreligious hierarchy of Turkish society. / Bu çalışma Bourdieu’nün sosyal sermaye kavramını kullanarak İstanbul’un dezavantajlı bölgelerinde yaşayan, halihazırda okula devam eden ve kısa bir süre önce okulu terk etmiş öğrenci ebeveynlerinin ağ yapılarını çocuklarının eğitim başarısına etkileri bakımından ayrıntılı olarak analiz etmektedir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular şunlardır: (1) Her ne kadar aynı dezavantajlı mahallelerde yaşıyor olsalar da okula devam eden öğrenciler sosyoekonomik ve etnik açıdan okul terklerden ayrışmaktadır; (2) okul terkler ağırlıklı olarak marjinal yoksulluk koşullarında yaşayan Kürt ve Roman ailelerden gelmektedir; (3) okula devam edenlerin ve okulu terklerin ebeveynlerinin ağ yapıları sosyoekonomik ve etnisite olarak önemli derecede farklılaşmaktadır; ve (4) okula devam edenlerin ebeveynleri lehine olan ağ yapılarındaki farklılıklar, çocukların okul başarısını artırmak için mobilize edilmektedir. Araştırma, fırsat ve kısıtlara ilişkin bu grupsal farklılaşmaların onların Türkiye toplumda uzun süredir işgal ettikleri etnik konumlarının yarattığı bir toplumsal hafızadan kaynaklanabileceğini ileri sürmektedir.Publication Metadata only A clash of civilizations? Examining liberal-democratic values in Turkey and the European Union(Wiley, 2008) Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Dixon, Jeffrey C.; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/ATurkey's proposed entry into the European Union (EU) has been undermined by Europeans' perceptions of Turkish-European cultural differences, particularly regarding the liberal-democratic values that the EU promotes (democracy, rule of law, and respect for and appreciation of minority/human rights). Yet, cross-national research on values has not focused on Turkey, the EU, and these liberal-democratic values, leaving assumptions of cultural differences and their explanations untested. Through analyses of World and European Values Survey data (1999-2002), this article asks whether people in Turkey have the same values regarding democracy, rule of law (versus religious and authoritarian rule), and minority/human rights as people in EU member and candidate states (as of 2000)? What factors explain these values? I find that people in Turkey support democracy to the same extent as people in EU member and candidate states, but people in Turkey are more supportive of religious and authoritarian rule and are less tolerant of minorities. Although the 'clash of civilizations' thesis expects liberal values to be ordered according to countries' religious traditions, with western Christian the most supportive and Islamic the least, only for tolerance of minorities values is this pattern found. Instead, economic development most consistently explains differences between Turkey and EU member and candidate states in support for these values. I conclude with calls for theoretical refinement, particularly of the clash of civilizations thesis, along with suggestions for future research to examine more Muslim and Orthodox countries; I discuss the debate over Turkey's EU entry.Publication Metadata only A cultural map of Turkey(Sage Publications Ltd, 2014) N/A; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Rankin, Bruce; Ergin, Murat; Gökşen, Fatoş; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 106427; 51292There is a growing body of empirical research on national patterns of cultural consumption and how they are related to social stratification. This paper helps to broaden the basis of comparison by focusing on cultural patterns in Turkey, a developing, non-Western, and predominantly Muslim context. Our analysis of cultural tastes and activities using data from a new nationally-representative survey shows three broad cultural clusters that clearly map onto differential positions in the social structure and are largely differentiated by degree and form of engagement with Turkey's emerging cultural diversity, particularly their orientation towards Western cultural forms. In general, local cultural modalities do not distinguish groups, attesting to the robustness of local culture. The results are discussed in light of previous work on cultural patterns in other national contexts.Publication Open Access A social revolution: politics and the welfare state in Iran(The University of Chicago Press, 2019) Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Yörük, Erdem; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982Publication Open Access A task set proposal for automatic protest information collection across multiple countries(Springer, 2019) Department of Sociology; Department of Computer Engineering; Department of Sociology; Department of Computer Engineering; Hürriyetoğlu, Ali; Yörük, Erdem; Yoltar, Çağrı; Yüret, Deniz; Gürel, Burak; Duruşan, Fırat; Mutlu, Osman; Teaching Faculty; Faculty Member; Researcher; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Researcher; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; N/A; 28982; N/A; 179996; 219277; N/A; N/AWe propose a coherent set of tasks for protest information collection in the context of generalizable natural language processing. The tasks are news article classification, event sentence detection, and event extraction. Having tools for collecting event information from data produced in multiple countries enables comparative sociology and politics studies. We have annotated news articles in English from a source and a target country in order to be able to measure the performance of the tools developed using data from one country on data from a different country. Our preliminary experiments have shown that the performance of the tools developed using English texts from India drops to a level that are not usable when they are applied on English texts from China. We think our setting addresses the challenge of building generalizable NLP tools that perform well independent of the source of the text and will accelerate progress in line of developing generalizable NLP systems.Publication Open Access Between the state and the world market: small-scale hazelnut production in the Black Sea region(İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınevi, 2020) Erköse, H. Yener; Şahin, Osman; Yükseker, Deniz; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Sert, Hüseyin Deniz; Faculty Member; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesTurkey is the world's largest hazelnut producer and exporter, yet hazelnut farmers have been growing hazelnuts in increasingly difficult conditions even for the years when production levels and hazelnut prices are high. In this paper, we take up the contradictions in hazelnut cultivation in Turkey and seek to show that, despite the commonsense opinion that the problem stems from small-scale cultivation, the more important problem is the unequal power relations that exist in the hazelnut market. We make the following arguments in the paper based on some of the findings from the field study we carried out in the Western and Eastern Black Sea regions in 2017. Issues exist regarding productivity and profitability in hazelnut cultivation characterized by small holdings. Hazelnut farmers are often unable to meet the expenditures and investments required for raising productivity. These problems arise more from the farmers' demographic profiles and debt levels and the unequal power relations in the hazelnut market with respect to small-scale production. Therefore, resolving the problems in hazelnut cultivation might require making changes that favor small farmers' power relations in the hazelnut market rather than enlarging holdings. / Türkiye dünyanın en büyük fındık üreticisi ve ihracatçısı konumunda. Ancak fındık üreticileri, bazı yıllar bol mahsul veya mahsullerine iyi fiyat alsalar bile, giderek daha zorlu koşullarda üretim yapıyorlar. Bu yazıda, Türkiye’de fındık üretiminin barındırdığı çelişkileri ele alacağız. Sorunların kaynağında fındık işletmelerinin küçük olmasının yattığı yönündeki genel kabulün aksine, sorunun aslen fındık piyasasındaki eşitsiz güç ilişkilerinden kaynaklandığını göstermeye çalışacağız. 2017’de Doğu ve Batı Karadeniz Bölgeleri’nde yaptığımız alan araştırmasının verilerinin bir bölümünün bulgularına dayanan makalede şu savları ortaya koyuyoruz. Türkiye’de küçük işletmelerde yapılan fındık tarımının verimlilik ve kârlılık konusunda sorunları vardır. Fındık üreticilerinin çoğu verim artırımı için gerekli harcamaları ve yatırımı yapamamaktadırlar. Bu sorunlar, üretim birimlerinin küçük olmasından çok, fındık üreticilerinin demografik profili, borçlanma ve fındık piyasasındaki eşitsiz yapıdan kaynaklanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, fındık üretimindeki sorunların çözülmesi için üretim ölçeğini büyütmekten çok, eşitsiz güç ilişkilerinin hâkim olduğu küresel piyasada üretici lehine değişiklikler yapmak daha uygun olabilir.Publication Metadata only Bound together: the secularization of Turkey's literary fields and the western promise of freedom(University of Michigan Press, 2021) Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Büyükokutan, Barış; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 126139Bound Together takes a new look at twentieth-century Turkey, asking what it will take for Turkish women and men to regain their lost freedoms, and what the Turkish case means for the prospects of freedom and democracy elsewhere. Contrasting the country’s field of poetry, where secularization was the joint work of pious and nonpious people, with that of the novel, this book inquires into the nature of western-nonwestern difference. Turkey’s poets were more fortunate than its novelists for two reasons. Poets were slightly better at developing the idea of the autonomy of art from politics. While piety was a marker of political identity everywhere, poets were better able than novelists to bracket political differences when assessing their peers as the country was bitterly polarized politically and as the century wore on. Second, and more important, poets of all stripes were more connected to each other than were novelists. Their greater ability to find and keep one another in coffeehouses and literary journals made it less likely for prospective cross-aisle partnerships to remain untested propositions.Publication Open Access Çin’in yükselişi ve yeni kapitalizm(Sosyoekonomi Society, 2018) Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Yörük, Erdem; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982This article presents a theoretical discussion about the new forms of capitalism in the context of the economic and political rise of China. The article raises a discussion on the changes that the rise of China has instigated in both China and the world capitalism. This is considered in the context of mode of production, international trade, state and capital, by analysing China and capitalism from the perspective of long historical periods. In doing this, the article benefits from the work of and polemics between Giovanni Arrighi, Joel Andreas ve Richard Walker, who provided very important contemporary debates on this issue in the field of historical sociology.Publication Metadata only Classes and status groups in times of great transformation: reading agrarian change in Çukurova through the lens of Yaşar Kemal(Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, 2019) Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Gürel, Burak; Faculty Member; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 219277This study investigates the changing positions of social classes and status groups during the capitalist transformation of agriculture in Turkish Çukurova region throughout the last century from the perspective of Yaşar Kemal’s literary works. The study begins with a methodological discussion on the use of literary works in historical and sociological studies. It stresses three points regarding the agrarian change in Çukurova. Firstly, the resistance of lower classes to the capitalist agrarian transformation had a wide scope spanning from the Luddite-type machine-breaking to land and labor struggles. Secondly, proletarianized villagers viewed wage work as a temporary rather than a permanent condition, which would help them accumulate funds and engage with small-scale farming. Finally, transformations of classes and status groups were closely related. While the previous generations of landlords remained loyal to precapitalist social norms, failed to adapt to capitalist transformation and thereby declined, new generations started to rise, embracing profit maximization as the main goal. / Bu çalışma, geçen yüzyılda Çukurova bölgesinde yaşanan tarımsal dönüşüm sürecinde toplumsal sınıfların ve statü gruplarının değişen konumlarını Yaşar Kemal’in edebi yapıtlarının sunduğu perspektiften inceliyor. Makale edebi eserlerin tarihsel ve sosyolojik çalışmalarda değerlendirilmesine ilişkin yöntemsel bir tartışmayla açılıyor. Daha sonra, Yaşar Kemal’in eserlerinden yola çıkarak Çukurova’daki tarımsal dönüşüme ilişkin üç noktaya dikkat çekiyor. Birincisi, alt sınıfların tarımın kapitalistleşmesine karşı direnişleri Luddite tipi makine kırıcılıktan toprak ve emek mücadelelerine uzanan geniş bir yelpazeye sahipti. İkincisi, proleterleşen köylülerin bir bölümü ücretli işçiliği kalıcı bir durum olarak değil, küçük ölçekli çiftçilik için gereken birikimi yapmaya yardımcı olan geçici uğrak olarak görüyordu. Son olarak, sınıfların ve statü gruplarının dönüşümleri birbirleriyle yakından ilişkiliydi. Kapitalizm öncesi döneme ait toplumsal normlara bağlı kalan toprak ağaları kapitalistleşme sürecine uyum sağlayamayıp gerilemiş, kâr maksimizasyonunu öncelikli hedef olarak gören yeni tip toprak sahipleri bu süreçte yükselişe geçmiştir.Publication Metadata only Contextual framework(Routledge, 2021) N/A; Department of Sociology; Department of Sociology; Kazanoğlu, Nazlı; Teaching Faculty; The Center for Gender Studies (KOÇ-KAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Kadın Çalışmaları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi (KOÇ-KAM); College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/AThis chapter lays out the contextual framework, starting with discussion of geographical and demographical aspects of the Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) region. Following an in-depth analysis of the political economy of J&K state, India, since pre-independence era, the chapter analyzes its performance on selected economic and fiscal indicators over time as well as vis-a-vis selected states in the country. It also delves into a detailed analysis of employment situation in J&K state vis-a-vis other Indian states and explains why the issue of quality jobs is of particular relevance to fragile as well as poor-/lower-middle income states which witness a greater degree of economic distress. Finally, it attempts to capture deficits in human capital formation in J&K state by analyzing its status of health and education.