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Publication Metadata only Ageing, working memory, and mental imagery: understanding gestural communication in younger and older adults(Sage Publications Ltd, 2021) N/A; Department of Psychology; Arslan, Burcu; Göksun, Tilbe; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 47278Ageing has effects both on language and gestural communication skills. Although gesture use is similar between younger and older adults, the use of representational gestures (e.g., drawing a line with fingers on the air to indicate a road) decreases with age. This study investigates whether this change in the production of representational gestures is related to individuals' working memory and/or mental imagery skills. We used three gesture tasks (daily activity description, story completion, and address description) to obtain spontaneous co-speech gestures from younger and older individuals (N = 60). Participants also completed the Corsi working memory task and a mental imagery task. Results showed that although the two age groups' overall gesture frequencies were similar across the three tasks, the younger adults used relatively higher proportions of representational gestures than the older adults only in the address description task. Regardless of age, the mental imagery but not working memory score was associated with the use of representational gestures only in this task. However, the use of spatial words in the address description task did not differ between the two age groups. The mental imagery or working memory scores did not associate with the spatial word use. These findings suggest that mental imagery can play a role in gesture production. Gesture and speech production might have separate timelines in terms of being affected by the ageing process, particularly for spatial content.Publication Metadata only Biomaterials for improving the blood and tissue compatibility of total artificial hearts (TAH) and ventricular assist devices (VAD)(Woodhead Publ Ltd, 2011) N/A; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Erbulut, Deniz Ufuk; Lazoğlu, İsmail; Researcher; Faculty Member; Department of Mechanical Engineering; School of Medicine; College of Engineering; 37661; 179391This chapter reviews biomaterials used for artificial hearts and ventricular assist devices. the chapter identifies some of the commercially available cardiac devices and the materials used within, stretching the most important polymers, metals and ceramics. It then discusses the interaction between blood/tissue and biomaterials and subsequently the way of refinement of biomaterials in order to achieve optimum performance. the chapter includes also the evaluation of biomaterials in terms of their blood and tissue compatibility and related international standards.Publication Metadata only Disfluency production in speech and gesture(The Cognitive Science Society, 2016) Nozari, Nazbanou Bonnie; N/A; Department of Psychology; Akhavan, Niloofar; Göksun, Tilbe; Master Student; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 47278The cognitive architecture and function of co-speech gesture has been the subject of a large body of research. We investigate two main questions in this field, namely, whether language and gesture are the same or two inter-related systems, and whether gestures help resolve speech problems, by examining the relationship between gesture and disfluency in neurotypical speakers. Our results support the view of separate, but interrelated systems by showing that speech problems do not necessarily cause gesture problems, and on many occasions, gestures signal an upcoming speech problem even before it surfaces in overt speech. We also show that while gestures are more common on fluent trials, speakers use both iconic and beat gestures on disfluent trials to facilitate communication, although the two gesture types support communication in different ways.Publication Metadata only Dishonesty in public reports of confidence: metacognitive monitoring of memory conformity(Amer Psychological Assoc) N/A; Department of Psychology; Department of Psychology; Çapan, Dicle; Eskenazi, Terry; Gülgöz, Sami; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 333983; 258780; 49200Although memory is constantly monitored and controlled by the metacognitive system, little is known about how people monitor memory conformity, incorporating information in others' memories into one's memory of a specific event. In this study, we tested participants' memory for a seemingly shared event and asked them to report their confidence in their answers both individually and jointly. We also explored the relationships between specific individual characteristics, memory, and confidence variables. We have two critical findings apart from replicating the well-evidenced memory conformity effect. First, participants were privately more confident in memory decisions when they did not conform to their cowitness than when they conformed. Conversely, they were publicly more confident in decisions when they conformed than when they did not conform. Second, participants were publicly more confident when they conformed to an incorrect than a correct answer, social outsourcing the information when uncertain. These results indicate that the metacognitive system successfully monitors the social influences on memory, tracks the reliability of information presented by another, and refers to it in context-specific ways (i.e., public vs. private).Publication Metadata only Epistasis effects of dopamine genes on interval timing and reward magnitude in humans(Elsevier, 2013) Wiener, Martin; Coslett, H. Branch; Department of Psychology; N/A; Balcı, Fuat; Çavdaroğlu, Bilgehan; Faculty Member; Master Student; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 51269; N/AWe tested human participants on a modified peak procedure in order to investigate the relation between interval timing and reward processing, and examine the interaction of this relation with three different dopamine-related gene polymorphisms. These gene polymorphisms affected the expression of catechol-o-methyltransferase, which catabolizes synaptic dopamine primarily in the prefrontal cortex (COMT Val158Met polymorphism), D2 dopamine receptors primarily in the striatum (DRD2/ANKK1-Taq1a polymorphism), and dopamine transporters, which clear synaptic dopamine in the striatum (DAT 3' VNTR variant). The inclusion of these polymorphisms allowed us to investigate dissociable aspects of the dopamine system and their interaction with reward magnitude manipulations in shaping timed behavior. These genes were chosen for their roles in reward processing and cortico-striatal information processing that have been implicated for interval timing. Consistent with recent animal studies, human participants initiated their timed anticipatory responding earlier when expecting a larger reward in the absence of any changes in the timing of response termination or perceived time. This effect however was specific to two out of four evaluated COMT and DRD2 polymorphism combinations that lead to high prefrontal dopamine coupled with high D2 density and low prefrontal dopamine coupled with low D2 density. Larger rewards also decreased timing precision indices, some of which interacted with the COMT polymorphism. Furthermore, the COMT polymorphism that leads to higher prefrontal dopamine resulted in weaker manifestation of memory variability (relative to threshold variability) in timed behavior. There was no effect of DAT polymorphisms on any of the core behavioral measures. These results suggest that the reward modulates decision thresholds rather than clock speed, and that these effects are specific to COMT and DRD2 epistasis effects that presumably constitute a balanced prefrontal and striatal dopamine transmission.Publication Metadata only Examining the life story account of the reminiscence bump: why we remember more from young adulthood(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Demiray, Burcu; Bluck, Susan; Department of Psychology; N/A; Gülgöz, Sami; Demiray, Burcu; Faculty Member; Master Student; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 49200; N/AThe reminiscence bump is a robust finding demonstrated mostly with the cue-word method in Western cultures. The first aim of the study was to replicate the reminiscence bump using a life history timeline method and to extend reminiscence bump research to a Turkish sample. The second aim was to empirically examine the recently proposed life story account (Gluck Bluck, 2007) for the reminiscence bump. The sample consisted of 40 women and 32 men aged 52 to 66 years. Participants' lives were divided into 5-year intervals and they verbally reported as many memories as possible in a standard timeframe from each interval (in random order) and provided ratings of several memory characteristics. As expected, the lifespan distribution of the resulting 6373 memories demonstrated a reminiscence bump. In support of the life story account, bump memories were found to be more novel, more important for identity development, more distinct, and more likely to involve developmental transitions than memories from other age periods. Findings are discussed in terms of the life story account, which synthesises lifespan developmental theory and life story theory.Publication Metadata only Expression of motion events in Farsi(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Nozari, Nazbanou; N/A; Department of Psychology; Akhavan, Niloofar; Göksun, Tilbe; Master Student; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 47278The current study examines how gestural representations of motion events arise from linguistic expressions in Farsi, as this language offers many unique characteristics; exhibiting characteristics of both Talmy's satellite- and verb-framed languages. We examined native Farsi speakers' speech and gestures in describing 20 motion events. We focused on two motion event components: path (trajectory of motion like up) and manner (how the action is performed like jumping). Analyses of syntactic packaging and clause-level correspondence between speech and gesture, as well as parallel ordering of speech and gesture sequences were, for the most part, in support of models that posit a close correspondence between speech-gesture production. However, while Farsi speakers described both path and manner in their speech, gesture was markedly impoverished for manner, suggesting constraints on the one-to-one mapping between linguistic and gestural expressions.Publication Metadata only Eyewitness memory distortion following co-witness discussion: a replication of Garry, French, Kinzett, and Mori (2008) in ten countries(AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, 2019) Ito, Hiroshi; Barzykowski, Krystian; Grzesik, Magdalena; Janssen, Steve M. J.; Khor, Jessie; Rowthorn, Harriet; Wade, Kimberley A.; Luna, Karlos; Albuquerque, Pedro B.; Kumar, Devvarta; Singh, Arman Deep; Cecconello, William Weber; Cadavid, Sara; Laird, Nicole C.; Baldassari, Mario J.; Lindsay, D. Stephen; Mori, Kazuo; Department of Psychology; N/A; Gülgöz, Sami; Gürdere, Ceren; Faculty Member; PhD Student; Department of Psychology; N/A; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 49200; N/AWe examined the replicability of the co-witness suggestibility effect originally reported by Garry et al. (2008) by testing participants from 10 countries (Brazil, Canada, Colombia, India, Japan, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Turkey, and the United Kingdom; total N=486). Pairs of participants sat beside each other, viewing different versions of the same movie while believing that they viewed the same version. Later, participant pairs answered questions collaboratively, which guided them to discuss conflicting details. Finally, participants took a recognition test individually. Each of the 10 samples replicated the Garry et al. finding: Participants often reported on the final test a non-witnessed answer that their co-witness had stated during the collaboration phase. Such co-witness suggestibility errors were especially likely when the witness had not disputed the co-witness's report during the collaboration phase. The results demonstrate the replicability and generalizability of the co-witness suggestibility effect.Publication Metadata only Gesture in the aging brain(Amer Psychological Assoc, 2022) Akbiyik, Seda; Department of Psychology; N/A; Göksun, Tilbe; Özer, Demet; Faculty Member; PhD Student; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 47278; N/AThis chapter focuses on all four categories of co-speech gesture such as iconic, metaphoric, deictic, and beat. It reviews the impact of aging on general language and cognitive abilities and how they might relate to gesture use and comprehension in older adults in light of different gesture theories. The chapter addresses gesture use and comprehension in the aging brain and the effects on these processes of declines in cognitive skills such as verbal fluency, spatial and motor skills, and working memory. It focuses on gesture use and comprehension in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, semantic dementia, and Parkinson's disease to provide further evidence about the mechanisms underlying gesture's role in cognition. The chapter concludes by discussing the implications of these findings given that the functions of gestures can alter on the basis of the population being studied. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)Publication Metadata only In-vitro modelling of urea cycle liver disorder by using human induced pluripotent stem cells(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2016) Akbari, S.; Arslan, N.; Erdal, E.; N/A; N/A; N/A; Sevinç, Gülben Gürhan; Şengün, Berke; Önder, Tamer Tevfik; Phd Student; Undergraduate Student; Faculty Member; Graduate School of Health Sciences; School of Medicine; School of Medicine; N/A; 309087; 42946N/A
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