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Publication Open Access A place of burning: hero or ancestor cult at troy(American School of Classical Studies at Athens (ASCSA), 2011) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Aslan, Carolyn Chabot; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 57663This article presents the evidence for Early Archaic ritual activity on the site of a Late Bronze Age cemetery a short distance outside the walls of Troy, at a spot known to excavators as “A Place of Burning.” Here, as at the West Sanctuary adjacent to the citadel, the evidence follows a pattern similar to that found in hero and ancestor cults at other sites. Growing population in the region may have led the inhabitants of Troy to use associations with Bronze Age remains as a way of strengthening territorial claims and bolstering the power of the local elite.Publication Open Access Agricultural terraces in the Mediterranean: medieval intensification revealed by OSL profiling and dating(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2021) Turner, S.; Kinnaird, T.; Varinlio?lu, G.; Koparal, E.; Demirciler, V.; Athanasoulis, D.; Odegård, K.; Crow, J.; Jackson, M.; Bolòs, J.; Sánchez-Pardo, J. C.; Carrer, F.; Sanderson, D.; Turner, A.; Şerifoğlu, Tevfik Emre; Faculty Member; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED)The history of agricultural terraces remains poorly understood due to problems in dating their construction and use. This has hampered broader research on their significance, limiting knowledge of past agricultural practices and the long-term investment choices of rural communities. The authors apply OSL profiling and dating to the sediments associated with agricultural terraces across the Mediterranean region to date their construction and use. Results from five widely dispersed case studies reveal that although many terraces were used in the first millennium AD, the most intensive episodes of terrace-building occurred during the later Middle Ages (c. AD 1100-1600). This innovative approach provides the first large-scale evidence for both the longevity and medieval intensification of Mediterranean terraces.Publication Open Access Agropastoral economies and land use in Bronze Age Western Anatolia(Taylor _ Francis, 2021) Marston, John M.; Çakırlar, Canan; Kovacik, Peter; Slim, Francesca G.; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Shin, Nami; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED); College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235115; 235112; N/AThe Middle and Late Bronze Ages of western Anatolia (modern Turkey) remains poorly understood in comparison with its Mycenaean and Hittite neighbours, especially in agricultural economies and land use. Kaymakci is the largest Middle and Late Bronze Age citadel excavated to date in western Anatolia and new archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data from the site presented here shed new light on regional agricultural economies and land use. Agricultural practices at Kaymakci focused on barley and bitter vetch farming and pig, caprine, and cattle husbandry within a diverse and extensive economic system that made substantial use of wild plants and animals for food, technology, and fuel. Goats and pigs were managed primarily for meat, while sheep and cattle were managed to produce a range of secondary products. Wood charcoal analysis reconstructs both deciduous and evergreen oak woodlands, which also dominate the contemporary landscape. In regional perspective, Kaymakci is most similar to the northern Aegean agricultural tradition, but with elements of Anatolian practices as well, representing a hybrid position between the Aegean and Anatolian worlds as seen in other lines of archaeological evidence from the site.Publication Open Access An insight into Old Hittite metallurgy : alloying practices at Hüseyindede (Çorum, Turkey)(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Arıkan, Gonca Dardeniz; PhD Student; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThis paper presents archaeological and analytical data on metal artefacts from Hüseyindede (Çorum, Turkey), dated to the Old Hittite period (ca 16th century BC). Hüseyindede, which is set in a rural landscape, demonstrates continuity in alloying traditions from the Early Bronze Age III (ca 26th/25th-22nd/21st century BC) and the Assyrian Trading Colonies period (20th-18th century BC) to the emergence of the Hittites. In addition to known alloying practices of the period, the site presents, for the first time, evidence of the existence of copper-nickel alloys, namely cupronickels, which so far have been documented only at the Late Bronze Age capital of the Hittites, Boǧazköy/Hattuša. The Hüseyindede cupronickel objects now pinpoint the presence of this technology to regions spreading out from the Halys basin from the Old Kingdom Hittite period. / Bu makalede, Eski Hitit Dönemi’ne (yaklaşık M.Ö. 16. yy) tarihlenen Hüseyindede (Çorum, Türkiye) yerleşiminde ele geçen maden eserlerin arkeolojik ve analitik verileri sunulmaktadır. Kırsal olarak tanımlanabilecek bir alanda konumlanmış olan Hüseyindede yerleşimi, Erken Tunç Çağı III (M.Ö. 26./25.–22./21. yy) ve Assur Ticaret Kolonileri Çağı’dan (M.Ö. 20.–18. yy) Hititlerin ortaya çıkışına kadar geçen süreçte, maden alaşımlama teknikleri açısından bir sürekliliğin var olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Dönemin bilinen alaşımlama tekniklerinin yanı sıra Hüseyindede’de, kupro-nikel olarak isimlendirilen ve Geç Tunç Çağı’nda Hititlerin başkenti Boğazköy/Hattuša’dan bilinen bakır-nikel alaşımlarının en erken örneklerinin bulunduğuna dair kanıtlar, bu çalışmada sunulmaktadır. Hüseyindede’de ortaya çıkarılan kupro-nikel eserler sayesinde bu alaşımlama teknolojinin, Kızılırmak kavsi içerinde Eski Hitit Dönemi’nden itibaren bilindiği saptanmıştır.Publication Open Access Anatolian pot marks in the 3rd Millennium BC: signage, early state formation, and organization of production(The Suna _ İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (AKMED) / Suna ve İnan Kıraç Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (AKMED), 2020) Hacar, Abdullah; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Yener, Kutlu Aslıhan; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThis study presents new information and interpretation of pot marks applied specifically on "Anatolian Metallic Ware" that are dated to the 3rd millennium BC, and distributed in the southern Konya Plain and the southwestern region of Cappadocia. While many specialists have studied this ware group, also referred to as "Darbogaz" vessels, detailed studies have not been conducted on the pot marks themselves. The finds from the Goltepe excavations, when combined with other research data and ethnographic/ethnoarchaeological records, have helped to classify and interpret this signage. According to our preliminary results, there is no relationship between the pot marks and vessel type, sub-ware group, or ownership. Taking into account the general characteristics of the Anatolian EBA and the production techniques of Anatolian Metallic Ware, we discuss whether the pot marks reflect quality control over the production process and serve interregional connectivity.Publication Open Access Bioarchaeology of Neolithic Çatalhöyük reveals fundamental transitions in health, mobility, and lifestyle in early farmers(National Academy of Sciences, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Haddow, Scott Donald; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThe transition from a human diet based exclusively on wild plants and animals to one involving dependence on domesticated plants and animals beginning 10,000 to 11,000 y ago in Southwest Asia set into motion a series of profound health, lifestyle, social, and economic changes affecting human populations throughout most of the world. However, the social, cultural, behavioral, and other factors surrounding health and lifestyle associated with the foraging-to-farming transition are vague, owing to an incomplete or poorly understood contextual archaeological record of living conditions. Bioarchaeological investigation of the extraordinary record of human remains and their context from Neolithic Çatalhöyük (7100–5950 cal BCE), a massive archaeological site in south-central Anatolia (Turkey), provides important perspectives on population dynamics, health outcomes, behavioral adaptations, interpersonal conflict, and a record of community resilience over the life of this single early farming settlement having the attributes of a protocity. Study of Çatalhöyük human biology reveals increasing costs to members of the settlement, including elevated exposure to disease and labor demands in response to community dependence on and production of domesticated plant carbohydrates, growing population size and density fueled by elevated fertility, and increasing stresses due to heightened workload and greater mobility required for caprine herding and other resource acquisition activities over the nearly 12 centuries of settlement occupation. These changes in life conditions foreshadow developments that would take place worldwide over the millennia following the abandonment of Neolithic Çatalhöyük, including health challenges, adaptive patterns, physical activity, and emerging social behaviors involving interpersonal violence.Publication Open Access Bonify 1.0: evaluating virtual reference collections in teaching and research(Springer, 2019) Çakırlar, Canan; Svetachov, Pjotr; Nobles, Gary; Researcher; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED)Accessibility to zooarchaeological reference materials is a key hurdle when determining species classification, particularly in cases where the differences between two species (e.g. sheep and goat) are nuanced. Bonify is a pilot platform allowing the virtual comparison between 3D virtual animal bone models and zooarchaeological specimens. Two technologies were case studied, online web presentation and augmented reality. The two methodologies were tested by a selection of students and domain professionals. While the physical reference collection was viewed as the most usable, it was limited in terms of accessibility; the second best option turned out to be the web based interface while the augmented reality option suffered in terms of its usability. The web interface is available at www.digitalbones.eu.Publication Open Access Book review: Iron Age Anatolia(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2013) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Aslan, Carolyn Chabot; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 57663Publication Open Access Book review: The Rizk-Mosque in Hasankeyf, research and history(De Gruyter, 2014) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Redford, Scott; Researcher; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and HumanitiesPublication Open Access Born-digital logistics: impacts of 3D recording on archaeological workflow, training, and interpretation(De Gruyter Open, 2021) Scott, Catherine B.; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Nobles, Gary; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED); College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235115; 235112; N/ADigital technologies have been at the heart of fieldwork at the Kaymakçı Archaeological Project (KAP) since its beginning in 2014. All data on this excavation are born-digital, from textual, photographic, and videographic descriptions of contexts and objects in a database and excavation journals to 2D plans and profiles as well as 3D volumetric recording of contexts. The integration of structure from motion (SfM) modeling and its various products has had an especially strong impact on how project participants interact with the archaeological record during and after excavation. While this technology opens up many new possibilities for data recording, analysis, and presentation, it can also present challenges when the requirements of the recording system come into conflict with an archaeologist's training and experience. Here, we consider the benefits and costs of KAP's volumetric recording system. We explore the ways that recording protocols for image-based modeling change how archaeologists see and manage excavation areas and how the products of this recording system are revolutionizing our interaction with the (digital) archaeological record. We also share some preliminary plans for how we intend to expand this work in the future.
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