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Publication Open Access Chinese investment in Turkey: the Belt and Road Initiative, rising expectations and ground realities(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2022) Kozluca, Mina; Department of Sociology; Gürel, Burak; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 219277Turkey's inclusion in the Belt and Road Initiative in 2015 has raised the expectations of Turkish businesses and government concerning growth-generating investment from China. Existing studies on Chinese investments in Turkey lack sufficient data on the volume of investment, types of firms, and sectoral composition. Based on a novel dataset of Chinese investments in Turkey, this article contributes to filling this gap. We show that although Chinese investment in Turkey has increased considerably in recent years, it remains quite modest compared with investments from the West. Moreover, despite the expanding activities of Chinese technology companies, more than half of Chinese investment in Turkey consists of low value-added manufacturing, extraction of raw materials, and marketing of Chinese products. Overall, the developmental potential of Chinese investment in Turkey has not been radically different from other countries' investments.Publication Open Access Electoral polarization, class politics and a new welfare state in Brazil and Turkey(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2020) Comin, Alvaro; Department of Sociology; Yörük, Erdem; Faculty Member; Department of Sociology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 28982We explain why and how the governing parties, AKP of Turkey and PT of Brazil, converged on the same path of relying on the poor as the main strategy to stay in power. With the neoliberal reorganization and internationalization of their economies, the capacity of these governments to set up developmentalist alliances with big capital, the middle classes and the organized working classes was weakened. Based on a most-different-systems design and on descriptive statistical analysis, we argue that both PT and AKP failed to build multi-class bases and thus had to mobilize the poor by using various strategies, most importantly expanding social assistance policies, which accelerated the emergence of a new welfare state.Publication Open Access Examining age structure and estimating mortality rates in Ottoman Bursa using Mid-Nineteenth-Century population registers(Taylor _ Francis, 2021) Department of History; Erünal, Efe; PhD Student; Department of History; Graduate School of Social Sciences and HumanitiesThis study aims to document the age structure and mortality by age in the Ottoman city of Bursa that served as a politically and commercially significant urban center over centuries. It uses a set of hitherto unexamined Ottoman population registers kept in 1839 and updated until 1842 that provide detailed self-reported data on all male inhabitants regardless of age, including deaths, births, and migration. The study tests the quality of age and mortality data in conjunction with the Coale and Demeny regional model life tables and compares the results to historical demographic studies conducted for European regions. The results point to a demographic structure marked by high birth and death rates and prove promising for extending back the study of Ottoman demographic transition and establishing historical comparison points with the global experience.Publication Open Access Facing the market in North Africa(Indiana University Press (IU) Press, 2001) Department of International Relations; Dillman, Bradford L.; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and EconomicsThis article examines the results of economic reform programs since the mid-1980s in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt. Although these states have liberalized their economies in the face of international and domestic market forces, ruling elites have been adept at maintaining control over the distribution of resources. Selective reforms have prevented the emergence of competitive markets and powerful, autonomous private sectors and have yet to induce a transition to political liberalism and accountable government in North Africa.Publication Open Access Labor migration from Krusevo: mobility, Ottoman transformation, and the Balkan highlands in the 19th century(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2021) Department of History; Sefer, Akın; Yıldız, Aysel; Kabadayı, Mustafa Erdem; Researcher; Researcher; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; N/A; 33267Although mountainous regions remained relatively isolated and almost untouched by the Ottoman rule, labor migration connected the inhabitants of these regions to the socioeconomic and political processes in the Ottoman Empire and beyond. Krusevo, a highland village located in present-day North Macedonia, provides an excellent case for understanding these connections. This paper presents systematic evidence from the Ottoman archives to document and analyze the social, economic, and demographic impacts of labor migration during this period. It provides an in-depth analysis of the Ottoman population and tax records of Krusevo in the 1840s, demonstrating the occupational profiles, migration patterns, and family and neighborhood networks of village residents during this period. Based on this analysis, it argues that labor migration was key to the transformation of social, economic, and demographic relations in rural communities and to the integration of even the most remote highland villages with the modernization processes that characterized the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century.Publication Open Access Managing the transition from Pax Britannica to Pax Americana: Turkey’s relations with Britain and the US in a turbulent era (1929-1947)(Taylor _ Francis, 2016) Department of History; N/A; Barlas, Dilek; Yılmaz, Şuhnaz Özbağcı; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 4172; 46805In analyzing Turkey’s relations with Great Britain and the US in a period of drastic change (1929- 1947), this article argues that the origins of the shift in the orientation of Turkish foreign policy from Pax Britannica to Pax Americana not only affected the perceptions and strategies of relevant powers, but also entailed a dynamic interactive process. It asserts that the transition featured aspects of significant change, as well as continuity for the region. It demonstrates that while attempting to bandwagon with the relatively stronger naval, military and economic partner, Turkey also endeavored to pursue a more autonomous foreign policy at various stages of this transition.Publication Open Access Migration-development-security nexus in the context of the external dimensions of the EU policies(Ankara University European Union Research Centre / Ankara Üniversitesi Avrupa Toplulukları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi, 2020) Department of International Relations; Ergün, Kübra; Faculty Member; Master Student; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 238439; N/AThis paper questions how migration-development nexus has been conceptualized on the EU policymaking agenda since the early 2000s. To explore this question, this paper focuses on documents laying out Union's strategy for the external dimensions of the EU migration policy. The empirical evidence is gathered from the content analysis of Council Conclusions, Commission's Communications and Reports, and the secondary literature on external dimensions of the EU migration policy. Our study finds that the already existing securitized approach to migration-development nexus prevailed after 2015, hollowing out the relation between migration and development with an increasingly narrower focus on development and the new narrative of 'saving lives'. We conclude that the securitization of migration underpins the current ambivalent approach to the migration-development nexus in the EU policy-making context. / Bu çalışma, göç-kalkınma ilişkisinin 2000'li yılların başından bu yana Avrupa Birliği (AB) politikalarında nasıl kurulduğunu sorgulamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda bu makale, AB göç politikasının dış boyutları stratejisini ortaya koyan belgelere odaklanmaktadır. Ampirik veriler; Avrupa Konseyi sonuçları, AB Komisyonunun tebliğ ve raporlarının içerik analizinden ve AB göç politikasının dış boyutları hakkındaki ikincil literatürden elde edilmiştir. Çalışmamız, göç-kalkınma ilişkisine dair 2015 öncesi de var olan güvenlikleştirilmiş yaklaşımın 2015 sonrası, dar bir kalkınma anlayışı ve bu dönemde ortaya çıkan 'hayat kurtarma' anlatısı ile birlikte, daha çok öne çıktığını ortaya koyar. Göçün güvenlikleştirilmesinin, AB politika oluşturma bağlamında göç-kalkınma ilişkisine yönelik mevcut ikircikli yaklaşımın temelini oluşturduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Publication Open Access Neo-Weberian historical sociology, the English School and differentiated integration in the EU(Taylor _ Francis, 2020) Department of International Relations; Ruacan, İpek Zeynep; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 238425This article explores the contributions of Neo-Weberian historical sociology of the state and the English School of International Relations theory to our understanding of differentiated integration in the European Union. In doing so, it turns to the English School concept of ‘radial empires’ to establish differentiation as a structural feature of all centralized entities in international society such as the European Union. It then turns to the concepts of ‘sociospatial networks of power’ and ‘despotic vs. infrastructural’ forms of state power from the Neo-Weberian literature to discuss why empires function radially. Subsequently, it links vertical differentiation to the interplay between sociospatial networks of power and horizontal differentiation to the interplay between despotic and infrastructural forms of state power in the member states of the European Union. Crucial insights for understanding differentiation can be gained from engagement with these concepts not least for understanding Brexit which links with the United Kingdom’s particularly high infrastructural power.Publication Open Access Turkey's Kurdish conflict: changing context, and domestic and regional implications(Indiana University Press (IU) Press, 2004) Department of International Relations; Somer, Murat; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 110135This article develops new analytical categories that are necessary to analyze Turkey's Kurdish conflict in its changed domestic and international environments and to evaluate the policy options. If Turkish state policies and discourse, and that of the other regional and international actors, signal to Kurds that the Turkish and Kurdish identities are mutually exclusive categories with rival interests, radical shifts may occur in Turkish Kurds' social and political identities and preferences. If state policies promote these identities as complements with compatible interests, radical shifts are unlikely and Turkey can play a more constructive regional role.