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    A moderated mediation analysis of HIV and intersectional stigmas and antiretroviral adherence in people living with HIV in the Dominican Republic
    (Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2024) Yigit, Ibrahim; Paulino-Ramirez, Robert; Waters, John; Long, Dustin M.; Budhwani, Henna; Turan, Janet Molzan; School of Medicine
    Experiencing HIV and intersectional stigmas in healthcare settings may affect antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence among people with HIV (PWH), given their need for frequent interactions with clinical settings and healthcare providers. Considering the importance of reducing stigmas to promote well-being and the need to elucidate how stigma influences health across various settings, we examined how experienced HIV stigma in Dominican Republic healthcare settings impacts ART adherence through internalized HIV stigma and whether race or sexual orientation stigma moderates this relationship. Participants were 471 PWH (aged 17-71) who were recruited from two HIV clinics in the Dominican Republic in 2021-2022. Results revealed a significant mediation effect (B=-0.10, SE = 0.05, CI [-0.234, - 0.014]) after adjusting for effect of age and time since HIV diagnosis, suggesting that experienced HIV stigma in healthcare settings was associated with more internalized HIV stigma (B = 0.39, SE = 0.11, p = .001), subsequently linked to lower ART adherence (B=-0.26, SE = 0.11, p = .016). The indirect effect was significant at low levels of race stigma (B=-0.16, SE = 0.09, CI [-0.369, - 0.001]) but not at high levels of race stigma (B=-0.06, SE = 0.05, CI [-0.175, 0.038]). This indirect effect was also significant at low levels of sexual orientation stigma (B=-0.19, SE = 0.10, CI [-0.401, - 0.023]) but not at high levels of sexual orientation stigma (B=-0.04, SE = 0.06, CI [-0.160, 0.074]). These findings suggest that addressing experienced HIV stigma in Dominican Republic healthcare settings, along with various dimensions of HIV-related stigma (e.g., internalized stigma) and intersecting stigmas (e.g., race, sexual orientation), is vital for improving health outcomes, such as optimal ART adherence. Experimentar estigmas relacionados con el VIH e interseccionales en entornos de atenci & oacute;n m & eacute;dica puede afectar la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) entre las personas que viven con VIH (PVVIH), dado que necesitan interacciones frecuentes con entornos cl & iacute;nicos y proveedores de atenci & oacute;n m & eacute;dica. Considerando la importancia de reducir los estigmas para promover el bienestar y la necesidad de esclarecer c & oacute;mo el estigma influye en la salud en diversos contextos, examinamos c & oacute;mo el estigma del VIH experimentado en entornos de atenci & oacute;n m & eacute;dica en la Rep & uacute;blica Dominicana impacta la adherencia al TAR a trav & eacute;s del estigma internalizado del VIH y si el estigma racial o de orientaci & oacute;n sexual modera esta relaci & oacute;n. Los participantes fueron 471 PVVIH (de 17 a 71 a & ntilde;os) que fueron reclutados de dos cl & iacute;nicas de VIH en la Rep & uacute;blica Dominicana en 2021-2022. Los resultados revelaron un efecto de mediaci & oacute;n significativo (B=-0.10, SE = 0.05, CI [-0.234, - 0.014]) despu & eacute;s de ajustar por el efecto de la edad y el tiempo desde el diagn & oacute;stico de VIH, sugiriendo que el estigma del VIH experimentado en entornos de atenci & oacute;n m & eacute;dica estaba asociado con un mayor estigma internalizado del VIH (B = 0.39, SE = 0.11, p = .001), vinculado posteriormente a una menor adherencia al TAR (B=-0.26, SE = 0.11, p = .016). El efecto indirecto fue significativo en niveles bajos de estigma racial (B=-0.16, SE = 0.09, CI [-0.369, - 0.001]) pero no en niveles altos de estigma racial (B=-0.06, SE = 0.05, CI [-0.175, 0.038]). Este efecto indirecto tambi & eacute;n fue significativo en niveles bajos de estigma por orientaci & oacute;n sexual (B=-0.19, SE = 0.10, CI [-0.401, - 0.023]) pero no en niveles altos de estigma por orientaci & oacute;n sexual (B=-0.04, SE = 0.06, CI [-0.160, 0.074]). Estos hallazgos sugieren que abordar el estigma del VIH experimentado en entornos de atenci & oacute;n m & eacute;dica en la Rep & uacute;blica Dominicana, junto con diversas dimensiones del estigma relacionado con el VIH (por ejemplo, estigma internalizado) y estigmas interseccionales (por ejemplo, raza, orientaci & oacute;n sexual), es vital para mejorar los resultados de salud, como la adherencia & oacute;ptima al TAR.
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    Investigation of psychometric properties of Turkish version of nursing students' attitudes and beliefs towards childhood obesity scale
    (W.B. Saunders, 2023) Çelik, Ö.M.; Kudubeş, A.A.; Semerci, Remziye; School of Nursing
    Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the Turkish psychometric properties of The Attitudes and Beliefs of Nursing Students Towards the Childhood Overweight Scale. Methods: The study was conducted with 219 nursing students. The data were obtained with the ‘Information Form’ and the ‘Attitudes and Beliefs of Nursing Students Towards Childhood Overweight. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines was implemented in the study. Result: Original scale was created using the Attitudes Towards Obese Person Scale (ATOP) and the Beliefs About Obese Persons Scale (BAOP). ATOP consists of 13 items and two sub-dimensions (self-concept, social relationships) in a 5-point Likert type that evaluates nursing students' attitudes towards childhood obesity. BAOP is 5-point Likert-type and consists of 6 items that evaluate nursing students' beliefs on childhood obesity. When the item-total score correlations were examined in the study, two items showing a negative correlation in the “ATOP” were removed. Cronbach's alpha was 0.80 for the ATOP and 0.83 for the BAOP. In the exploratory EFA and confirmatory CFA factor analyses, the factor loading of all items was >0.40 for both scales. Conclusion: It was determined that Turkish psychometric properties of the Nursing Students' Attitudes and Beliefs towards Childhood Obesity Scales were valid and reliable.
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    Memory capacity as the core mechanism of the development of space-time interferences in children
    (Nature Portfolio, 2024) Hallez, Quentin; Department of Psychology; Balcı, Fuat; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    This study investigated the development of spatiotemporal perceptual interactions in 5-to-7 years old children. Participants reproduced the temporal and spatial interval between sequentially presented visual stimuli. The time and spacing between stimuli were experimentally manipulated. In addition, cognitive capacities were assessed using neuropsychological tests. Results revealed that starting at 5 years old, children exhibited spatial biases in their time estimations and temporal biases in their spatial estimations, pointing at space-time interference. In line with developmental improvement of temporal and spatial abilities, these spatiotemporal biases decreased with age. Importantly, short-term memory capacity was a predictor of space-time interference pointing to shared cognitive mechanisms between time and space processing. Our results support the symmetrical hypothesis that proposes a common neurocognitive mechanism for processing time and space.