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    Developmental change in early language and cognitive skills of institution-reared children as compared to their parent-reared peers
    (Elsevier, 2021) Etel, Evren; N/A; Department of Psychology; Department of Psychology; Sümer-Büyükabacı, Özlem; Sakarya, Yasemin Kisbu; Selçuk, Bilge; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 219275; 52913
    This study investigates whether preschool-aged institution-reared children's developmental change within one year in theory of mind, executive function, and receptive language abilities differs from their parent-reared peers from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Data were collected from 73 institution-reared, 30 parent-reared children from low socioeconomic status (SES), 36 parent-reared children from middle-SES and 60 parent-reared children from high-SES at two time points, one year apart. Our findings showed that all children showed a significant increase in theory of mind and executive function, but institution-reared group displayed significantly lower performance than all parent-reared groups at Time 2. Difference score analyses revealed that institutional care predicted poorer developmental change within one year in receptive language, holding age and sex constant, as compared to parental care. Specifically, institution-reared children displayed a significant decline and low-SES children showed no change in their receptive language over time, whereas middle- and high-SES children increased significantly.
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    Parenting in metropole and Anatolia samples: the role of residence and education in beliefs and behaviors
    (Türk Psikologlar Derneği, 2011) Durgel, Elif; Vijver, Fons van de; N/A; Department of Psychology; Nacak, Melike; Selçuk, Bilge; Master Student; Faculty Member; Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 52913
    The aim of this study is to investigate parenting cognitions, behaviors, and home environment in metropolitan and rural cities (in Anatolia) to explore the generalizability of parenting research that frequently includes high- and/ or low-educated populations in big cities. The data were obtained from 162 mothers (88 high-educated) living in Istanbul (metropolis) and 73 mothers (32 high-educated) living in much smaller cities in Anatolia. Mother reports and structured observations were used to measure mothers’ developmental expectations, child-rearing practices, and home environment. Results showed that mothers living in Istanbul reported earlier ages of development on all domains of skills except for moral values and lower levels of obedience-demanding and punitive behaviors compared to mothers living in rural cities. The physical environment of home was found to be safer in rural cities. Comparisons based on educational background showed that high-educated mothers in Istanbul reported earlier ages of mastery on all domains, and also lower levels of obedience-demanding and higher levels of permissive behaviors than loweducated mothers. High-educated mothers also provided more learning materials to their children and the physical environment of their homes was safer. Findings regarding the relation between background characteristics (e.g., education and residency), child-rearing environment and parenting behaviors of mothers were discussed in reference to existing literature. The importance of studying parenting issues with respect to socioeconomic characteristics of different groups within one country is stressed. / Bu çalışmanın amacı, metropol ve Anadolu şehirlerinde ebeveynlik biliş ve davranışları ile çocuk yetiştirme ortamlarını karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemek, böylelikle çoğu metropollerdeki yüksek veya düşük eğitimli nüfuslara dayanabilen ebeveynlik araştırmaları bulgularının genellenebilirliğine dair bilgi edinebilmektir. Araştırmanın örneklemi, okul öncesi dönemde çocuğu olan ve metropolde yaşayan 162 anne (88 yüksek eğitimli) ile kırsal şehirde yaşayan 73 (32 yüksek eğitimli) anneden oluşmaktadır. Değişkenleri ölçmek için annenin doldurduğu anketler ve gözleme dayanan yapılandırılmış ölçeklerden yararlanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, kırsal şehirde yaşayan annelerin, metropolde yaşayan annelere göre, gelişimsel beklentiler açısından sadece çocuğun geleneksel/ahlaki kurallara uyma davranışını daha erken yaşlarda göstermesini beklediklerini, daha fazla sorgusuz itaat bekleme ve cezalandırma davranışları rapor ettiklerini ve bu bölgelerde çocuğun yaşadığı evin fi ziksel çevresinin daha sağlıklı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bulgular ayrıca, metropoldeki yüksek eğitimli annelerin düşük eğitimlilere kıyasla, tüm özelliklerin daha erken yaşlarda kazanılması gerektiğini düşündüklerini ve daha az sorgusuz itaat bekleme davranışı ile daha fazla izin verici tutum sergilediklerini göstermiştir. Evin fi ziksel çevresi, yüksek eğitimli annelerin evlerinde daha sağlıklıdır ve daha fazla öğrenme gereci bulundurmaktadır. Tartışma bölümünde, ebeveyn tutumları ve çocuk yetiştirme ortamlarında eğitim ve yaşanılan şehrin özelliklerine bağlı olarak görülen benzerlik ve farklılıklar mevcut literatür çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır ve ülkemizdeki araştırmaların farklı yerleşim yerlerinden ve sosyo-ekonomik düzeylerden nüfuslar içermesinin önemi vurgulanmıştır.
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    Protective and risk factors associated with involved fatherhood in a traditional culture
    (Wiley, 2023) Akçinar, Berna; Kuşcul, G. Hilal; Bozok, Mehmet; Fişek, Güler; Department of Psychology; N/A; Sakarya, Yasemin Kisbu; Turunç, Gamze; Faculty Member; PhD Student; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 219275; 333984
    Objective: Consistent with ecological systems theory and the heuristic model of parental behavior dynamics, the current study is focused on both individual and contextual factors that determine fatherhood involvement in the context of a traditional patriarchal culture. Background: Father-child interaction during the early childhood period is a salient factor in predicting later child outcomes. However, studies on antecedents of involved fatherhood are scarce, mostly concentrated on one aspect of fathering behavior, and limited to few cultural contexts. Method: Data were collected from a representative urban sample of fathers of preschoolers in Turkey (N = 1,070). Different components of fatherhood involvement were assessed to project three distinct paternal behavior dimensions as care, affection, and control. Results: Father role satisfaction, psychological value attributed to the child, and perceived family support were positively associated with involved fatherhood and higher parental warmth. Working hours per day was negatively associated with involved fatherhood, as expected. Higher life satisfaction was associated with higher positive parenting. Patriarchal views of masculinity were found to be the main predictor of parental physical punishment, controlling for all other predictors in the model. Conclusion: Study findings emphasized the importance of factors other than parenting skills that contribute to fathers' parental effectiveness. Implications: Our study's findings have implications for family practices and policies. For example, besides parenting skills, father support programs should also focus on other factors such as developing awareness of traditional masculinity norms and gender role prescriptions that can harm democratic family environments and childcare practices.