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Publication Metadata only A comparative study of returns to education of urban men in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad; Assaad, Ragui; Department of Economics; Tunalı, Fehmi İnsan; Faculty Member; Department of Economics; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 105635This paper presents a comparative study of private returns to schooling of urban men in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey using similar survey data and a uniform methodology. We employ three surveys for each country that span nearly two decades, from the 1980s to 2006, and, to increase the comparability of the estimates across surveys, we focus on urban men 20-54 years old and in full time wage and salary employment. Our aim is to learn how the monetary signals of rewards that guide individual decisions to invest in education are shaped by the institutions of education and labor markets in these countries. Our estimates generally support the stylized facts of the institutions of education and labor markets in Middle Eastern countries. Their labor markets have been described as dominated by the public sector and therefore relatively inflexible, and their education systems as more focused on secondary and tertiary degrees than teaching practical and productive skills. Returns in all countries are increasing in years of schooling, which is contrary to the Mincer assumption of linear returns but consistent with overemphasis on secondary and tertiary degrees. Low returns to vocational training relative to general upper secondary, which have been observed in many developing countries, are observed in Egypt and Iran, but not Turkey. This pattern of returns across countries seems to correspond to how students are selected into vocational and general upper secondary tracks, which is an important part of the education institutions of these countries, and the fact that Turkey's economy is more open than the other two. Greater competitiveness in all three countries over time seems to have increased returns to university education and in few cases to vocational education, but not to general high school.Publication Metadata only Difficult choices: choosing the candidate of the nation alliance in the 2023 Turkish presidential election(Routledge, 2024) Department of Media and Visual Arts;Department of International Relations; Baruh, Lemi; Çarkoğlu, Ali; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Administrative Sciences and EconomicsThe Turkish presidential election in 2023 marked a pivotal moment for the ruling Justice and Development Party and Erdogan, grappling with criticism over their handling of the economic crisis. Six parties formed the Nation Alliance to challenge the incumbent, but negotiations for the alliance's presidential candidate collapsed, leading to the breakdown of the alliance. This study analyzes the divided opposition and its difficulty in nominating a likeable candidate as another reason for the continuation of President Erdogan's rule. A Response Surface Analysis (RSA) approach is utilized to describe the potential outcomes of the options that opposition parties considered regarding their presidential candidate. The analysis shows that the leader of the Republican People's Party, Kemal Kilicdaroglu, was weaker in appealing to the centre-right wing voters of the alliance partner, the Good Party, yet fared better in gathering the support of the Kurdish voter base of the Peoples' Democratic Party.Publication Metadata only Down and up the “U” – A synthetic cohort (panel) analysis of female labor force participation in Turkey, 1988–2013(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Kırdar, Murat G.; Dayıoğlu, Meltem; Department of Economics; Tunalı, Fehmi İnsan; Faculty Member; Department of Economics; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 105635We study the aggregate labor force participation behavior of women over a 25-year period in Turkey using a synthetic panel approach. In our decomposition of age, year, and cohort effects, we use three APC models that have received close scrutiny of the demography community. The exercise is repeated by rural/urban status and by education to tease out some key differences in behavior. Our comparative methodology yields remarkably consistent profiles for most subsamples, but not all. Notably all methods reveal an M-shaped age profile attributable to child-bearing related interruptions in rural areas and for low-educated women in urban areas. We also find that younger cohorts among the least-educated women are more likely to participate, contrary to the belief that culture stands in the way. The evidence we compiled confirms that Turkey has reached the turning point of the U-shaped pattern in female labor force participation observed in countries where agriculture initially accounts for a large fraction of employment. We dwell on methodological issues throughout the paper and seek explanations for the occasional fragility of the methods. We establish that evolution of the linear trend present in the cross-section age profiles is responsible for the differences in the findings. Despite the apparent inconsistency, the models we use are consistent in recovering the turning points of the age, period, and cohort profiles.Publication Metadata only History matters for the export decision: plant-level evidence from Turkish manufacturing industry(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2009) Özler, Şule; Taymaz, Erol; Department of Economics; Yılmaz, Kamil; Faculty Member; Department of Economics; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 6111We analyze the export decision of Turkish manufacturing plants from 1990 to 2001. In addition to the presence of high Sunk costs of entry in export market,,, we find support for the hypothesis that the full history of exporting matters for the current export decision. However, the effect of the past export experience on current export decision depreciates rapidly with time: recent export market participation matters more than the participation further in the past. Finally, while persistence in exporting helps lower the costs of re-entry today, there are diminishing returns to export experience. The results are robust to several plant characteristics (plant size, technology, composition of the employment), and the spillovers from the presence of exporters in the same industry.Publication Metadata only Metin Kunt: life and work(2021) Somel, Selçuk Akşin; N/A; Kenan, Seyfi; Researcher; N/A; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED); 180577N/APublication Metadata only The European standard of gender equality in Turkey: harmonization, cross-fertilization or reputational reforms?(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Roma, Marina; Scotti, Valentina Rita; Researcher; Law School; N/AThe present essay aims at investigating the content of the European Standard of Gender Equality (ESGE) in order to examine whether and how it permeated the Turkish legal system, in consideration of the long-lasting process of accession to the European Union (EU) the country is affording and of its membership in the Council of Europe (CoE) since 1949. Building on the theory of cross-fertilization, indeed, concluding remarks discuss whether the reception of the ESGE in Turkey was a real harmonization of the legal system, the result of a cross-fertilization implicating forms of adaptation to domestic habits or a feigned introduction of reforms in order to achieve a reputational effect, without a sincere evolution of the norms.Publication Metadata only The Kıble Wall of the Kargı Hanı(The Suna ve İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (AKMED), 2007) N/A; Redford, Scott; Researcher; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED); N/A; N/ASultan II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev dönemine (1237-46) tarihlenen Kargı Hanı, Manavgat'ın iç kısmında, Toros Dağları üzerinden kıyısında Kubadabad Sarayı'nm yer aldığı Beyşehir Gölü'ne giden kervan yolu üzerindedir. Kabayonu kayrak taşından inşa edilen iç duvarlar, Selçuklu hanlarında pek görülmeyen ve bu hana özgü şekilde beyaz sıvalıdır.Hanın köşe odalarından biri mihrap içermesi nedeniyle mescit olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu yazıda, adı geçen mescidin kıble duvarı üzerindeki sıvaya kazınmış grafitilere dikkat çekilmektedir; sağ üst köşesinde Kûfi hatlı bir Besmele içeren bu duvar çok özgün grafitilere sahiptir. Yazar, bu kıble duvarı üzerinde görülen grafitilerin esas olarak Selçuklu veya Beylikler Dönemi'ne ait olduğunu, "din-dışı öneme sahip" bu grafitilerin önemli olduğunu, hiçbir grafiti bulunmayan mihrabın ise "kıble duvarındaki tek gerçek İslami mekân olduğunu" öne sürmektedir. Ayrıca bazı hayvan figürlü grafitilerin mihrabın iki yanında alçak seviyede yapıldığı ve mescitte ibadet sırasında cemaatin görme alanına girdiği belirtilmektedir.Kıble duvarında görülen grafitiler iki ana gruba ayrılabilir: hayvan betimleri ve sembolik betimler. Betimlenen hayvanlar Toroslarda yaşayan ve doğada olduğu gibi tek başına karaca ve kızıl geyik gibi yaban geyikleri ile toplu halde gezen dağ keçileridir. Geyik ve keçi gibi yaban hayvanlarının betimlendiği grafitilerin, onları avda yakalayıp öldürmeden önce ruhlarına "sahip olmak" amacıyla bu mescitte gerçekleştirilen sempatik bir sihir ritüelinin parçası olduğu öne sürülmektedir. Bu betimlerde öyküleyici hiçbir unsur ya da av sahnesi bulunmuyor. Ayrıca grafitiler arasında komik derecede karikatürize edilmiş iki insan figürü de yer alıyor - bir çoban ve bir yün eğirici gibi pastoral etkinliklerle ilgilenen bu iki figürün yanı sıra bir de tek direkli bir yelkenli betimi dikkat çekiyor.Sembolik grafitiler iki ana tipe sahiptir - oklar ve yıldızlar, ama S ve Z biçimli motiflerin yanı sıra çengelli eşkenar dörtgen gibi 12. yy. ve sonrası göçebe dokumalarında yaygın görülen ve 14. ve 15. yy.'larda Osmanlı Devleti'nin düşmanları Bizanslılar tarafından mücevherleri üzerine kopyalanacak kadar önemli olan motifler yer alır.Oklara benzeyen grafitiler Kargı Hanı'nda bilinen yukarı bakan Y-benzeri duvar ustası işaretlerine benzemektedir. Ok motifi Kınık, Salur ve Çepni boylarının tamgaları olarak da bilinir ancak bu Türk boylarının Antalya civarında bulunduğuna dair herhangi bir tarihsel veri bulunmamaktadır. Dolayısıyla yukarı bakan ok biçimli grafitiler boy sembolleriyle ilgili olmayıp 12.-15. yy arasına tarihlenen madeni eserler ve Erzurum Çifte Minareli Medresede ve diğer Selçuklu Dönemi oymalarında görülen aynı motiflerle ilgili olmalıdır. Yay ve ok gibi İslamiyet öncesi veya dışı aşiret ve saray güç sembolü olan topuz motifleri de görülüyor.Yıldız biçimli grafitiler de iki tiptedir: ilk olarak uçları üçgenler oluşturacak şekilde çizilen haç biçimli yıldızların benzerleri Aspendos Tiyatrosu'ndan gelen Selçuklu çinilerinde görülür. Bunlar birbiriyle bağlanan dört yay motifinden oluşur ki, egemenliğin İslamiyet öncesi bir sembolüdür. İkinci tip ise üç adet özenli işlenmiş Süleyman Mührü (Davut Yıldızı) motifidir. Bu motifin sihir ve büyü amaçlı kullanıldığı ve bir sihir sembolü olduğu bilinmektedir. Süleyman mührü motifinin iki örneği, bu duvarda yer alan grafitiler içinde profesyonel denilebilecek ustalıkta işlenmiş olup profesyonel bir büyücü veya sihirle uğraşan bir kişi tarafından yapılmış olmalıdır; hatta, bu duvardaki Kûfi hatlı Besmele ile de ilgili olabilir.Kargı Hanı'nın bu kıble duvarındaki grafitiler, Türkmen boylarınca kullanılan İslamiyet öncesi ve dışı güç sembollerinin İslam dinine ilintilendirilmesi açısından, Ortaçağ Anadolusu'ndaki kültür ve inanç yelpazesinin zenginliğini artıran unsurlar olarak önem taşımaktadır.Publication Metadata only Working in Greece and Turkey: a comparative labour history from empires to nation-states, 1840-1940(Berghahn Books, 2020) Papastefanaki, Leda; Department of History; Kabadayı, Mustafa Erdem; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 33267As was the case in many other countries, it was only in the early years of this century that Greek and Turkish labour historians began to systematically look beyond national borders to investigate their intricately interrelated histories. The studies in Working in Greece and Turkey provide an overdue exploration of labour history on both sides of the Aegean, before as well as after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Deploying the approaches of global labour history as a framework, this volume presents transnational, transcontinental, and diachronic comparisons that illuminate the shared history of Greece and Turkey.