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    Clinical and developmental characteristics of cognitive subgroups in a transdiagnostic sample of schizophrenia spcectrum disorders and bipolar disorder
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Bora, E.; Verim, B.; Akgul, O.; Ildız, A.; Alptekin, K.; Özerdem, A.; Akdede, B. B.; N/A; Ceylan, Deniz; Faculty Member; School of Medicine; 137755
    Evidence suggests that neurocognitive dysfunction is a transdiagnostic feature of individuals across the continuum between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, there is significant heterogeneity of neuropsychological and social-cognitive abilities in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder. The current study aimed to investigate the clinical and developmental characteristics of cognitive subgroups within the schizo-bipolar spectrum. 147 clinically stable patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective or bipolar disorder were assessed using clinical rating scales for current psychotic and affective symptoms, and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery including measures of social cognition (Hinting and Reading the mind from the Eyes (RMET) task)). Developmental history and premorbid academic functioning were also evaluated. The study also included 36 healthy controls. Neurocognitive subgroups were investigated using latent class analysis (LCA). The optimal number of clusters was determined based on the Bayesian information criterion. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the predictors of membership to the globally impaired subgroup. LCA revealed two neurocognitive clusters including globally impaired (n = 89, 60.5%) and near-normal cognitive functioning (n = 58, 39.5%) subgroups. The near-normal cognitive functioning subgroup was not significantly different from healthy controls. The globally impaired subgroup had a higher score of developmental abnormalities (p<0.001), poorer premorbid academic functioning, mothers who were less educated and more severe disorganized speech (p = 0.001) and negative symptoms (p = 0.004) compared to the near-normal cognitive functioning group. History of developmental abnormalities and persistent disorganization rather than diagnosis are significant predictors of the subgroup of individuals with global cognitive impairment in the schizophrenia-bipolar disorder continuum.
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    The persistence of cognitive biases in financial decisions across economic groups
    (Nature Portfolio, 2023) Ruggeri, Kai; Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah; Landini, Giampaolo Abate Romero; Al-Zahli, Narjes; Alexander, Natalia; Andersen, Mathias Houe; Bibilouri, Katherine; Busch, Katharina; Cafarelli, Valentina; Chen, Jennifer; Doubravova, Barbora; Dugue, Tatianna; Durrani, Aleena Asfa; Dutra, Nicholas; Garcia-Garzon, Eduardo; Gomes, Christian; Gracheva, Aleksandra; Grilc, Neza; Heidenry, Zoe; Hu, Clara; Krasner, Rachel; Levin, Romy; Li, Justine; Messenger, Ashleigh Marie Elizabeth; Miralem, Melika; Nilsson, Fredrik; Oberschulte, Julia Marie; Obi, Takashi; Pan, Anastasia; Park, Sun Young; Pascu, Daria Stefania; Pelica, Sofia; Pyrkowski, Maksymilian; Rabanal, Katherinne; Ranc, Pika; Recek, Ziga Mekis; Symeonidou, Alexandra; Tutuska, Olivia Symone; Vdovic, Milica; Yuan, Qihang; Stock, Friederike; Department of Psychology; Gürol, Deniz Mısra; Department of Psychology; College of Social Sciences and Humanities
    While economic inequality continues to rise within countries, efforts to address it have been largely ineffective, particularly those involving behavioral approaches. It is often implied but not tested that choice patterns among low-income individuals may be a factor impeding behavioral interventions aimed at improving upward economic mobility. To test this, we assessed rates of ten cognitive biases across nearly 5000 participants from 27 countries. Our analyses were primarily focused on 1458 individuals that were either low-income adults or individuals who grew up in disadvantaged households but had above-average financial well-being as adults, known as positive deviants. Using discrete and complex models, we find evidence of no differences within or between groups or countries. We therefore conclude that choices impeded by cognitive biases alone cannot explain why some individuals do not experience upward economic mobility. Policies must combine both behavioral and structural interventions to improve financial well-being across populations.