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Publication Open Access Ethnicity and religiosity-based prejudice in Turkey: evidence from a survey experiment(Sage, 2017) Department of International Relations; Aytaç, Selim Erdem; Çarkoğlu, Ali; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 224278; 125588Threat perceptions and prejudice underlie a large number of intergroup conflicts. In this article we explore prejudicial attitudes in Turkey regarding ethnic Kurdish and devout Muslim religious identities as opposed to Turkish and less observant, secular identities. Utilizing a population-based survey experiment, we use vignettes about a hypothetical family as a neighbour, with randomized ethnicity and religiosity-related cues. We find evidence for prejudice against Kurdish ethnicity, especially among older, lowly-educated and economically dissatisfied individuals. The level of prejudice against Kurds does not seem to be related to the relative size of the Kurdish population in the local population. We do not observe prejudice against devout Muslim or less observant, secular identities. Our findings indicate that prejudice against Kurds in Turkey does not have a sui generis nature. The lack of prejudice across the religiosity dimension suggests that major socio-political cleavages do not necessarily affect intergroup attitudes.
Publication Metadata only Globalization and social democracy in the European periphery: paradoxes of the Turkish experience(Taylor and Francis, 2007) N/A; Department of International Relations; Department of International Relations; Öniş, Ziya; Keyman, Emin Fuat; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 7715; 45389During the course of the 1990s, center-left and center-right parties around the world have attempted to revise their strategies to be able to cope effectively with the new environment and conditions of globalization. We suggest that the experience of social democracy in Turkey in this context presents a peculiar case, in that the kind of strategy that could have brought electoral success has instead been adopted by the existing center-right government with moderate Islamic identity. The principal social democratic party, in turn, has been unable to transform itself in such a way as to capitalize upon the opportunity space provided by the changing domestic, regional and global context. This paper attempts to account for the peculiar and paradoxical nature of this experience by providing an historical and political- economic analysis of social democracy and its embeddedness in the state-centric and top-down modernization process in Turkey. In order to substantiate its analysis, the paper also focuses on the contrasting electoral victory of the Justice and Development Party (the AKP) over its principal social democratic rival, the Republican People's Party (the CHP).Publication Metadata only The precarious role of emerging powers in a transforming international order: the brazilian and turkish initiative for a nuclear deal with iran(2019) Levaggi, Ariel Gonzalez; Department of International Relations; Yılmaz, Şuhnaz Özbağcı; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 46805This article analyzes the complex dynamics of international hierarchy and functional delegation among established and emerging powers, by focusing on one of the most pressing and highly debated issues of the global security agenda, nuclear non-proliferation. While the established powers delegate some responsibilities in mediation efforts to enhance the legitimacy of the liberal international order, this delegation of a mediator role has challenges and limitations, as well. Therefore, this article examines the Joint Declaration by Iran, Turkey and Brazil (Tehran Declaration) on nuclear fuel in May 2010 as an empirical case that reveals the challenging quest of emerging powers to elevate their position in the hierarchical pyramid of the international order. We argue that the Nuclear Deal reflects the limits of the functional delegation in the international order, since the emerging powers encounter difficulties in their mediation efforts, particularly when they want to display more foreign policy autonomy.Publication Metadata only Turkey: identity, foreign policy, and socialization in a post-enlargement Europe(Taylor and Francis, 2011) Department of International Relations; Rumelili, Bahar; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 51356This article analyzes the implications of post-enlargement European international society for Turkey in three areas: identity construction, foreign policy and political reform. First, through an analysis of post-2007 European Parliament debates on EU-Turkey relations, it argues that the construction of European and Turkish identities vis-à-vis each other is likely to remain an important arena of contestation. Second, it provides a brief overview of Turkey's new regional foreign policy activism, and argues the recent initiatives are in fact signs of adaptation to a post-enlargement Europe, as they are building on a foreign policy role conception that stresses Turkey's hybrid identity as both European and Asian, and Western and Islamic. Finally, it analyzes the diffusion of the norms of European international society to Turkey in the post-2007 period, in particular focusing on the critical role played by domestic political actors. While Turkish political actors are showing signs of adaptation in terms of how they utilize the political opportunity structures in post-enlargement Europe, the weakening of Turkey's EU membership prospects is likely to slow down the diffusion of European norms to Turkey.