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Publication Open Access Facing the market in North Africa(Indiana University Press (IU) Press, 2001) Department of International Relations; Dillman, Bradford L.; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and EconomicsThis article examines the results of economic reform programs since the mid-1980s in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt. Although these states have liberalized their economies in the face of international and domestic market forces, ruling elites have been adept at maintaining control over the distribution of resources. Selective reforms have prevented the emergence of competitive markets and powerful, autonomous private sectors and have yet to induce a transition to political liberalism and accountable government in North Africa.
Publication Metadata only Free trade or an alternative path: the queue system and struggle over the conditions of work in Ottoman ports, 1900-1910(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) N/A; Department of History; Nacar, Can; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 53168N/APublication Metadata only From salary to resistance: mobility, employment, and violence in Dibra, 1792-1826(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Bayraktar, Uğur; Researcher; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED); N/A; 187758This article traces the military employment patterns of the highlanders of Dibra in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It addresses how the Albanian highlanders found different opportunities for military employment in a period largely associated with political instability. The Albanians as 'mountain bandits' have been regarded as the primary culprit of the violence that ravaged the Balkans. The same bandits, this article shows, constituted at the same time the irregular forces the Ottoman army came to rely on in the late eighteenth century. By demonstrating different prospects of employment with which the Albanian irregulars were preoccupied, it provides a broader perspective to observe the turmoil the Balkans underwent in a period of political instability. This article also deals with the intricate interplay between the Albanian irregulars and the Ottoman military administration. It reinserts the Albanian bandits-cum-irregulars into the background of the military reforms. Showing how different prospects for military employment that ranged from freelance plunder to service either for the imperial army or the retinue of the rogue Albanian pashas came to clash with the discourse of military reforms, this article also traces the increasing tension between the Albanian irregulars and the modernising Ottoman army.Publication Metadata only Local demands and state policies: general councils (Meclis-i Umumi) in the Edirne and Ankara provinces (1867-1872)(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) N/A; Department of History; Köksal, Yonca; Faculty Member; Department of History; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 53333By comparing the decisions of various meetings of the General Councils of Edirne and Ankara provinces from 1283 to 1288 (1867-1872 AD), this study analyses social and economic dynamics of both provinces, the state vocabulary for handling local demands, and the boundaries of responsibility for the state and the local actors in provincial administration. Instead of reading the Tanzimat as a top-down imposition, this article defines General Councils as sites of negotiations between state and local actors and instruments for local development. This article challenges the conventional view of provincial councils as weak and unable to implement various policies. It contributes to a new generation of studies that challenges the separation between state and social forces and looks at how both interacted in provincial administration.Publication Metadata only Muslim nationalism and the new Turks(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) N/A; Department of International Relations; Hale, William; Other; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; N/AA review of Jenny White, Muslim Nationalism and the New Turks (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012), a book that provides important insights into the shifting and truly revolutionary aspects of contemporary Turkish national identity discourse, and what these may mean for the future of the country as it continues to grapple with multiple poles of attraction both geographically and culturally.Publication Metadata only Negotiating political power in Turkey: breaking up the party(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) N/A; Department of International Relations; Hale, William; Other; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; N/AN/APublication Metadata only Party competition in the Middle East: spatial competition in the post-Arab Spring era(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Krouwel, Andre; Yıldırım, Kerem; Department of International Relations; Çarkoğlu, Ali; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 125588This paper charts the nature of political cleavage between major parties in post-Arab Spring elections in five Mediterranean region countries, with data from online opt-in surveys. We compare the Moroccan elections, held under a consolidated authoritarian regime, with the transitional cases of Tunisia and Egypt as well as the more mature democracies of Turkey and Israel. Voter opinions are obtained on 30 salient issues, and parties and voters are aligned along two dimensions. We trace country-specific cleavage patterns and reflections of party system maturity in these five countries. The cases of Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco reveal that in less settled cleavage structures there is little congruence between vote propensities for parties and agreement levels with policy positions compared to the more institutionalized democracies of Israel and Turkey where voters exhibit a higher likelihood to vote for a party as the distance between the voter and the party in the policy space gets smaller.Publication Metadata only Pragmatic coexistence: local responses to the state intrusion in Dersim during the early Republican period of Turkey (1938-1950)(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) N/A; Başaranlar, Burak; Other; N/A; N/AThis article examines state building in Dersim with reference to local demands and the state capacity. It first analyzes how the Turkish nationalists aimed to transform the Dersim region. The focus then shifts to the local responses towards the state policies following the military operations of 1937 and 1938. I posit that the Kurds' relation with the state relied on pragmatism and negotiation rather than outright hostility. Moreover, I demonstrate that the locals' expectations from the state overlapped with the Turkish state's pre-operation agenda for the most part. Despite the local endorsement, the limited state capacity constituted a major obstacle in implementing land redistribution policy and expanding road networks with limited progress. The opening of schools, however, produced somewhat mixed results in the sense that the enrollment rates did not correspond to the increase in the number of schools.This article examines state building in Dersim with reference to local demands and the state capacity. It first analyzes how the Turkish nationalists aimed to transform the Dersim region. The focus then shifts to the local responses towards the state policies following the military operations of 1937 and 1938. I posit that the Kurds' relation with the state relied on pragmatism and negotiation rather than outright hostility. Moreover, I demonstrate that the locals' expectations from the state overlapped with the Turkish state's pre-operation agenda for the most part. Despite the local endorsement, the limited state capacity constituted a major obstacle in implementing land redistribution policy and expanding road networks with limited progress. The opening of schools, however, produced somewhat mixed results in the sense that the enrollment rates did not correspond to the increase in the number of schools.Publication Metadata only Round up the unusual suspects: US policy toward Algeria and its Islamists(Middle East Policy Council, 2001) Department of International Relations; Dillman, Bradford L.; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; N/AN/APublication Open Access Turkey's Kurdish conflict: changing context, and domestic and regional implications(Indiana University Press (IU) Press, 2004) Department of International Relations; Somer, Murat; Faculty Member; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 110135This article develops new analytical categories that are necessary to analyze Turkey's Kurdish conflict in its changed domestic and international environments and to evaluate the policy options. If Turkish state policies and discourse, and that of the other regional and international actors, signal to Kurds that the Turkish and Kurdish identities are mutually exclusive categories with rival interests, radical shifts may occur in Turkish Kurds' social and political identities and preferences. If state policies promote these identities as complements with compatible interests, radical shifts are unlikely and Turkey can play a more constructive regional role.