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    PublicationOpen Access
    Big promises, small gains: domestic effects of human rights treaty ratification in the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council
    (Johns Hopkins University (JHU) Press, 2016) Ghanea, Nazila; Jones, Benjamin; N/A; Çalı, Başak; Faculty Member; Law School
    In recent years, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states have been increasingly willing to ratify United Nations human rights instruments. This article examines the underlying rationales for these ratifications and the limited range and drivers of subsequent domestic reforms post ratification. Drawing on both a quantitative analysis of engagement with the UN treaty bodies and Charter-based mechanisms in over 120 UN reports and qualitative interviews with over sixty-five government officials, members of civil society, National Human Rights Institutions, lawyers, and judges from all six states, this article argues that in the GCC states, UN human rights treaty ratification results from a desire to increase standing in the international community. Treaty ratification has limited effects driven by international socialization and cautious leadership preferences.
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    Construction problems in the rotterdam rules regarding the performing and maritime performing parties
    (Jefferson Law Book Co., 2010) N/A; Atamer, Fazıl Kerim; Faculty Member; Dr. Nüsret – Semahat Arsel International Business Law Implementation and Research Center (NASAMER) / Dr. Nüsret-Semahat Arsel Uluslararası Ticaret Hukuku Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (NASAMER); Law School; 180088
    [No abstract available]
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    Correction and interpretation of the award and additional award under the Turkish international arbitration act and their effect on the time limit to initiate setting aside action
    (Istanbul Univ, 2020) N/A; N/A; Kalafatoğlu, Mehmet Polat; Faculty Member; Law School; 257377
    In international trade, parties recourse to international arbitration in order to receive a final decision regarding their dispute. In principle, arbitrators lose their authority once they render the final award. This principle is also known as the functus officio doctrine. However, correction and interpretation of the award and additional award form an important exception to this principle. The objective of this paper is to analyse the definition, scope, objectives and finally, the procedural rules of correction and interpretation of the award and additional award following the provisions of the Turkish International Arbitration Act. As a result of this analysis, it will be noted that arbitrators have limited authority and that the main objective of this procedure is to increase the efficiency of international arbitration. This paper also studies the nature of these awards and their effect regarding the time limits to initiate a setting aside procedure against the arbitral award. Finally, this paper also makes a case-law analysis and especially analyses the effect of different hypotheses on the time limit to initiate a setting aside action where arbitrators exceed the scope and/or the time limit of correction and interpretation of the award and additional award and, accordingly, submits solutions. / Milletlerarası ticaret alanında taraflar aralarındaki uyuşmazlık hakkında nihai bir karar elde etmek amacıyla milletlerarası tahkime başvurmaktadır. Kural olarak, hakem heyetinin yetkisi, nihai hakem kararının verilmesi ile sona erer. Bu durum milletlerarası tahkim hukukunda functus officio olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu kuralın önemli bir istisnası ise, nihai hakem kararı verildikten sonra hakemlerden düzeltme, yorum ve tamamlama kararları talep edilmesidir. Çalışmamızın amacı, ilk olarak, Milletlerarası Tahkim Kanunu düzenlemesinden hareketle düzeltme, yorum ve tamamlama kararlarının tanımını, kapsamını ve amacını ortaya koymak ve bu kararların verilme usulünü açıklamaktır. Bu inceleme neticesinde hakemlerin sınırlı bir yetkiye sahip oldukları ve tahkim hukukunda düzenlenen bu imkânın asıl amacının tahkimin etkinliğini arttırmak olduğu görülecektir. Sonrasında, çalışmamızda bu kararların niteliği ve özellikle, bu kararların iptal davası açma süresi açısından etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda içtihat incelemesi yapılmış, farklı olasılıklar dikkate alınarak, hakemlerin düzeltme, yorum veya tamamlama kararlarının kapsamını ve/veya süresini aşmalarının iptal davası açma süresi açısından sonuçları incelenmiş ve çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
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    Minority shareholder protection in corporations: protection for whom, why, and how?
    (Istanbul Univ, Fac Law, 2022) N/A; N/A; Kayıklık, Abdurrahman; Researcher; Law School; 307836
    Protection of minority shareholders is one of the key concerns of corporate law. This paper examines how the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) protects minority shareholders while paying special attention to close joint stock corporations with a controlling shareholder. First, it assesses how the concept of minority in corporations has been used in the TCC and existing literature and then attempts to define it. Second, it explains the legal and financial risks that necessitate minority protection using examples. Third, it explores why minority shareholders are usually unable to protect themselves from such risks and offers justifications for protection through mandatory norms. Finally, the paper analyzes the system of the TCC for minority protection by subjecting the protective mechanisms to a taxonomy. After taking a critical approach toward the so-called positive-negative minority rights dichotomy used by most Turkish scholars for its limited scope and the criterion for such dichotomy, the paper offers a novel taxonomy. The functional approach that this paper presents classifies the statutory mechanisms into five categories. The first category, voice, consists of rights allowing minority shareholders to influence corporate decisions and transactions. The second category, exit rights, enables minority shareholders to exit the corporation through a free or safe exit. The third category, foundational rights, ensures proper exercise of voice and exit rights. The fourth category, gap-filling principles, includes abstract norms that supplement the concrete rules in the previous categories. The fifth and final category, the protective walls, is part of the legal mechanisms that aim at protecting the very system that protects minority shareholders.