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    PublicationOpen Access
    Agricultural terraces in the Mediterranean: medieval intensification revealed by OSL profiling and dating
    (Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2021) Turner, S.; Kinnaird, T.; Varinlio?lu, G.; Koparal, E.; Demirciler, V.; Athanasoulis, D.; Odegård, K.; Crow, J.; Jackson, M.; Bolòs, J.; Sánchez-Pardo, J. C.; Carrer, F.; Sanderson, D.; Turner, A.; Şerifoğlu, Tevfik Emre; Faculty Member; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED)
    The history of agricultural terraces remains poorly understood due to problems in dating their construction and use. This has hampered broader research on their significance, limiting knowledge of past agricultural practices and the long-term investment choices of rural communities. The authors apply OSL profiling and dating to the sediments associated with agricultural terraces across the Mediterranean region to date their construction and use. Results from five widely dispersed case studies reveal that although many terraces were used in the first millennium AD, the most intensive episodes of terrace-building occurred during the later Middle Ages (c. AD 1100-1600). This innovative approach provides the first large-scale evidence for both the longevity and medieval intensification of Mediterranean terraces.
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    Making the indebted citizen: an inquiry into state benevolence in Turkey
    (Wiley Periodicals, inc, 2020) N/A; Yoltar, Çağrı; Researcher; N/A; N/A
    This article concerns the making of the indebted citizen in Turkey through state benevolence. It focuses on the materialization of a debt relationship between state and citizen in everyday workings of state-sponsored welfare programs in the Kurdish region, in the shadow of a protracted armed conflict between the Turkish military forces and the Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan (Kurdistan Workers' Party). in Turkey, As in many other places, welfare benefits are promoted as a state benevolence rather than a citizenship right, and many officials seek to ensure that beneficiaries are credible enough to honor their debts to the state in the form of loyalty and obedience. Examining bureaucratic processes of beneficiary selection, I demonstrate how a dialectic of generous giving and forceful taking congeals in welfare distribution, compelling compliant behavior among the beneficiaries through the power of debt. I argue that what seems to be a free provision by the Turkish state-social assistance-often operates as a mechanism of debt production in practice-another form of political and economic dispossession for the Kurds in Turkey.