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    Multi-layered video broadcasting over 1xEV-DO using multiple objective optimization
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2006) N/A; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Atıcı, Çağdaş; Sunay, Mehmet Oğuz; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; College of Engineering; N/A: N/A
    In cellular environments video broadcasting is a challenging problem in which the number of users receiving the service and the average QoS has to be intelligently optimized. For video broadcasting in a 1xEV-DO system, the orthogonal Walsh codes may be distributed among the multiple layers of the scalable coded video stream. In this paper, we propose a novel, multiple objective optimized, multi-layered video broadcasting scheme for the 1xEV-DO system. With this scheme, the average observed service quality is maximized while minimizing the total number of time slots in which individual mobile subscribers experience outages. Simulations done for the ITU Pedestrian A and Vehicular B channels show that our proposed scenario provide significant increase to the average service quality while maintaining the total number of slots receiving no service as small as in original scenario.
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    Multihop-cluster-based IEEE 802.11p and LTE hybrid architecture for VANET safety message dissemination
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2016) N/A; N/A; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Department of Computer Engineering; Uçar, Seyhan; Ergen, Sinem Çöleri; Özkasap, Öznur; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Department of Computer Engineering; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; College of Engineering; College of Engineering; N/A; N/A; 7211; 113507
    Several vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) studies have focused on communication methods based on IEEE 802.11p, which forms the standard for wireless access for vehicular environments. In networks employing IEEE 802.11p only, the broadcast storm and disconnected network problems at high and low vehicle densities, respectively, degrade the delay and delivery ratio of safety message dissemination. Recently, as an alternative to the IEEE 802.11p-based VANET, the usage of cellular technologies has been investigated due to their low latency and wide-range communication. However, a pure cellular-based VANET communication is not feasible due to the high cost of communication between the vehicles and the base stations and the high number of handoff occurrences at the base station, considering the high mobility of the vehicles. This paper proposes a hybrid architecture, namely, VMaSC-LTE, combining IEEE 802.11p-based multihop clustering and the fourth-generation (4G) cellular system, i.e., Long-Term Evolution (LTE), with the goal of achieving a high data packet delivery ratio (DPDR) and low delay while keeping the usage of the cellular architecture at a minimum level. In VMaSC-LTE, vehicles are clustered based on a novel approach named Vehicular Multihop algorithm for Stable Clustering (VMaSC). The features of VMaSC are cluster head (CH) selection using the relative mobility metric calculated as the average relative speed with respect to the neighboring vehicles, cluster connection with minimum overhead by introducing a direct connection to the neighbor that is already a head or a member of a cluster instead of connecting to the CH in multiple hops, disseminating cluster member information within periodic hello packets, reactive clustering to maintain the cluster structure without excessive consumption of network resources, and efficient size-and hop-limited cluster merging mechanism based on the exchange of cluster information among CHs. These features decrease the number of CHs while increasing their stability, therefore minimizing the usage of the cellular architecture. From the clustered topology, elected CHs operate as dual-interface nodes with the functionality of the IEEE 802.11p and LTE interface to link the VANET to the LTE network. Using various key metrics of interest, including DPDR, delay, control overhead, and clustering stability, we demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed architecture compared with both previously proposed hybrid architectures and alternative routing mechanisms, including flooding and cluster-based routing via extensive simulations in ns-3 with the vehicle mobility input from the Simulation of Urban Mobility. The proposed architecture also allows achieving higher required reliability of the application quantified by the DPDR at the cost of higher LTE usage measured by the number of CHs in the network.
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    On the reliability analysis of C-V2X Mode 4 for next generation connected vehicle applications
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2022) Karaağaç, Sercan; N/A; N/A; N/A; N/A; N/A; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Reyhanoğlu, Aslıhan; Kar, Emrah; Kümeç, Feyzi Ege; Kara, Yahya Şükür Can; Turan, Buğra; Ergen, Sinem Çöleri; Researcher; Researcher; Researcher; Researcher; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; N/A; N/A; N/A; N/A; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; College of Engineering; N/A; N/A; N/A; N/A; N/A; 7211
    Vehicle-to-Everything Communication (V2X) technologies are provisioned to play an important role in increasing road safety by enabling advanced connected vehicle applications such as cooperative perception, cooperative driving, and remote driving. However, the reliability of the technology is limited mainly due to wireless communication channel characteristics. Therefore, investigation of V2X reliability aspects is crucial to utilize the technology efficiently. In this paper, we provide simulation and measurement-based reliability analysis of Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) Mode 4 technology for various message sizes and Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) selections. We demonstrate that the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), a key communication performance metric, heavily depends on message size and selected MCS.