Researcher:
Kuşcu, Murat

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Murat

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Kuşcu

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 34
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    Publication
    Microfluidic pulse shaping methods for molecular communications
    (Elsevier, 2023) Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Kahvazi Zadeh, Maryam; Bolhassan, Iman Mokari; Kuşcu, Murat; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; College of Engineering
    Molecular Communication (MC) is a bio-inspired communication modality that utilizes chemical signals in the form of molecules to exchange information between spatially separated entities. Pulse shaping is an important process in all communication systems, as it modifies the waveform of transmitted signals to match the characteristics of the communication channel for reliable and high-speed information transfer. In MC systems, the unconventional architectures of components, such as transmitters and receivers, and the complex, nonlinear, and time-varying nature of MC channels make pulse shaping even more important. While several pulse shaping methods have been theoretically proposed for MC, their practicality and performance are still uncertain. Moreover, the majority of recently proposed experimental MC testbeds that rely on microfluidics technology lack the incorporation of programmable pulse shaping methods, which hinders the accurate evaluation of MC techniques in practical settings. To address the challenges associated with pulse shaping in microfluidic MC systems, we provide a comprehensive overview of practical microfluidic chemical waveform generation techniques that have been experimentally validated and whose architectures can inform the design of pulse shaping methods for microfluidic MC systems and testbeds. These techniques include those based on hydrodynamic and acoustofluidic force fields, as well as electrochemical reactions. We also discuss the fundamental working mechanisms and system architectures of these techniques, and compare their performances in terms of spatiotemporal resolution, selectivity, system complexity, and other performance metrics relevant to MC applications, as well as their feasibility for practical MC applications.
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    Frequency-domain model of microfluidic molecular communication channels with graphene BioFET-based receivers
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Kuşcu, Murat; Abdalı, Ali; College of Engineering; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering
    Molecular Communication (MC) is a bio-inspired communication paradigm utilizing molecules for information transfer. Research on MC has largely transitioned from theoretical investigations to practical testbed implementations, harnessing microfluidics and sensor technologies. Accurate models for input-output relationships on these platforms are crucial for optimizing MC methods and understanding the impact of physical parameters on performance. Our study focuses on a practical microfluidic MC system with a graphene field effect transistor biosensor (bioFET)-based receiver, developing an end-to-end frequency-domain model. The model provides insights into the dispersion, distortion, and attenuation of received signals, thus potentially informing the design of new frequency-domain MC techniques, such as modulation and detection methods. The accuracy of the developed model is verified through particle-based spatial stochastic simulations of pulse transmission and ligand-receptor reactions on the receiver surface.
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    Ratio shift keying modulation for time-varying molecular communication channels
    (IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2024) Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Araz, Mustafa Okan; Emirdağı, Ahmet Rasim; Kopuzlu, Mahmut Serkan; Kuşcu, Murat; College of Engineering
    Molecular Communications (MC) is a bio-inspired communication technique that uses molecules to encode and transfer information. Many efforts have been devoted to developing novel modulation techniques for MC based on various distinguishable characteristics of molecules, such as their concentrations or types. In this paper, we investigate a particular modulation scheme called Ratio Shift Keying (RSK), where the information is encoded in the concentration ratio of two different types of molecules. RSK modulation is hypothesized to enable accurate information transfer in dynamic MC scenarios where the time-varying channel characteristics affect both types of molecules equally. To validate this hypothesis, we first conduct an information-theoretical analysis of RSK modulation and derive the capacity of the end-to-end MC channel where the receiver estimates concentration ratio based on ligand-receptor binding statistics in an optimal or suboptimal manner. We then analyze the error performance of RSK modulation in a practical time-varying MC scenario, that is mobile MC, in which both the transmitter and the receiver undergo diffusion-based propagation. Our numerical and analytical results, obtained for varying levels of similarity between the ligand types used for ratio-encoding, and varying number of receptors, show that RSK can significantly outperform the most commonly considered MC modulation technique, concentration shift keying (CSK), in dynamic MC scenarios.
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    Guest editorial special feature on bio-chem-ICTs: synergies between bio/nanotechnologies and molecular communications
    (IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2023) Stano, Pasquale; Egan, Malcolm; Barros, Michael T.; Ünlütürk, Bige Deniz; Payne, Gregory F.; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Kuşcu, Murat;  ; College of Engineering;  
    The Transfer of 'information' via molecules is a theme that resonates across the realm of nature, underlying collective behavior, homeostasis, and many disorders and diseases, and potentially holding the answers to some of the life's most profound questions. The prospects of understanding and manipulating this natural modality of communication have attracted a significant research interest from information and communication theorists (ICT) over the past two decades. The aim is to provide novel means of understanding and engineering biological systems. These efforts have produced substantial body of literature that sets the groundwork for bio-inspired, artificial Molecular Communication (MC) systems. This ICT-based perspective has also contributed to the understanding of natural MC, with many of the results from these endeavors being published in this journal.
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    From concept to implementation: streamlining sensor and actuator selection for collaborative design and engineering of interactive systems
    (IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2024) Yıldırım, İhsan Ozan; Keskin, Ege; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering;Department of Media and Visual Arts; Kocaman, Yağmur; Kuşcu, Murat; Özcan, Oğuzhan; Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR) / KU Arçelik Yaratıcı Endüstriler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (KUAR); Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Engineering; College of Social Sciences and Humanities;  
    Selecting appropriate sensors and actuators is a pivotal aspect of design and engineering, particularly in projects involving interactive systems. This article introduces the design thinking-based iterative sensor and actuator selection flow, a structured decision-making approach aimed at streamlining this essential, yet often complex task. Created to accommodate individuals with diverse levels of technical expertise, our approach is uniquely suited for interdisciplinary teams of designers and engineers. Through the application of the flow to four real-world case studies, we highlight its broad applicability and demonstrate its efficacy in expediting project timelines and enhancing resource utilization. Our work lays a foundation for a more streamlined and user-centered process in selecting sensors and actuators, significantly benefiting the practice of interactive system design. This contribution serves as a seminal foundation for future research, offering significant contributions to both academic inquiry and practical applications across various industries. While the focus of the flow is on streamlining the selection process rather than on in-depth technical considerations, which are beyond the scope of this study, it provides a comprehensive guide for efficient and informed decision-making in the realm of interactive system design.
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    A traffic congestion avoidance algorithm with dynamic road pricing for smart cities
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2013) Soylemezgiller, Fahri; N/A; N/A; Kuşcu, Murat; Kılınç, Deniz; Master Student; PhD Student; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; 316349; N/A
    The traffic congestion problem is a common issue for the residents of metropolises. Although expanding the capacity of transportation systems and stimulating the public transportation may decrease the traffic congestion, they cannot completely solve the traffic congestion problem. As a solution for the worsening traffic congestion problem in urban areas, road pricing systems have been employed. In this paper, we propose a radically different road pricing scheme to prevent and decrease the traffic congestion in metropolises. Unlike designating a small congestion charge zone in a city, we propose to employ a road pricing system over the entire city. Thus, our road pricing system can control the traffic flow in the entire traffic network of the city. Furthermore, the road prices are adjusted dynamically based on the instantaneous traffic densities of each road in the city in order to rapidly and efficiently control the traffic flow and to prevent the traffic congestion. Moreover, we propose to change the road prices according to the past usage statistics of the road by predicting a possible congestion. The simulation results of our road pricing algorithm show that traffic congestion is prevented over the entire traffic network and the traffic densities of the roads are homogenized.
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    FRET-based nanoscale point-to-point and broadcast communications with multi-exciton transmission and channel routing
    (Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2014) N/A; N/A; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Kuşcu, Murat; Akan, Özgür Barış; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; College of Engineering; 316349; 6647
    Nanoscale communication based on Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) enables nanoscale single molecular devices to communicate with each other utilizing excitons generated on fluorescentmolecules as information carriers. Based on the point-to-point single-exciton FRET-based nanocommunication model, we investigate the multiple-exciton case for point-to-point and broadcast communications following an information theoretical approach and conducting simulations through Monte Carlo approach. We demonstrate that the multi-exciton transmission significantly improves the channel reliability and the range of the communication up to tens of nanometers for immobile nanonodes providing high data transmission rates. Furthermore, our analyses indicate that multi-exciton transmission enables broadcasting of information from a transmitter nanonode to many receiver nanonodes pointing out the potential of FRET-based communication to extend over nanonetworks. In this study, we also propose electrically and chemically controllable routing mechanisms exploiting the strong dependence of FRET rate on spectral and spatial characteristics of fluorescent molecules. We show that the proposed routing mechanisms enable the remote control of information flow in FRET-based nanonetworks. The high transmission rates obtained by multi-exciton scheme for point-to-point and broadcast communications, as well as the routing opportunities make FRET-based communication promising for future molecular computers.
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    Fret-based mobile molecular nanonetworks
    (Ieee, 2013) N/A; N/A; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Kuşcu, Murat; Akan, Özgür Barış; Master Student; Faculty Member; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; College of Engineering; 316349; 6647
    Nanonetworks refer to a group of nano-sized machines with very basic operational capabilities communicating to each other in order to accomplish more complex tasks such as in-body drug delivery, or chemical defense. Realizing reliable and high-rate communication between these nanomachines is a fundamental problem for the practicality of these nanonetworks. Recently, we have proposed a molecular communication method based on Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) which is a nonradiative excited state energy transfer phenomenon observed among fluorescent molecules, i.e., fluorophores. We have modeled the FRET-based communication channel considering the fluorophores as single-molecular immobile nanomachines, and shown its reliability at high rates, and practicality at the current stage of nanotechnology. In this study, we focus on network of mobile nanomachines communicating through FRET. We introduce two novel mobile molecular nanonetworks: FRET-based mobile molecular sensor/actor nanonetwork (FRET-MSAN) which is a distributed system of mobile fluorophores acting as sensor or actor node; and FRET-based mobile ad hoc molecular nanonetwork (FRET-MAMNET) which consists of fluorophore-based nanotransmitter, nanoreceivers and nanorelays. We model the single message propagation exploiting the SIR model of epidemics. We derive closed form expressions for the probability of the actor nodes to detect a message generated on the sensor nodes in FRET-MSAN, and for the average detection time of the transmitted message by the nanoreceivers in FRET-MAMNET. We numerically evaluate the performance of these networks in terms of reliability and transmission delay for varying number of nanonodes and varying size of nanomachines, as well as, for several FRET-related parameters.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Toward interdisciplinary synergies in molecular communications: perspectives from synthetic biology, nanotechnology, communications engineering and philosophy of science
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Egan, Malcolm; Barros, Michael Taynnan; Booth, Michael; Llopis-Lorente, Antoni; Magarini, Maurizio; Martins, Daniel P.; Schäfer, Maximilian; Stano, Pasquale; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Kuşcu, Murat; Faculty Member; College of Engineering; 316349
    Within many chemical and biological systems, both synthetic and natural, communication via chemical messengers is widely viewed as a key feature. Often known as molecular communication, such communication has been a concern in the fields of synthetic biologists, nanotechnologists, communications engineers, and philosophers of science. However, interactions between these fields are currently limited. Nevertheless, the fact that the same basic phenomenon is studied by all of these fields raises the question of whether there are unexploited interdisciplinary synergies. In this paper, we summarize the perspectives of each field on molecular communications, highlight potential synergies, discuss ongoing challenges to exploit these synergies, and present future perspectives for interdisciplinary efforts in this area.
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    An information theoretical analysis of broadcast networks and channel routing for FRET-based nanoscale communications
    (Ieee, 2012) N/A; N/A; N/A; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Kuşcu, Murat; Malak, Derya; Akan, Özgür Barış; Master Student; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; College of Engineering; 316349; N/A; 6647
    Nanoscale communication based on Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) enables nanomachines to communicate with each other using the excited state of the fluorescent molecules as the information conveyer. In this study, FRET-based nanoscale communication is further extended to realize FRET-based nanoscale broadcast communication with one transmitter and many receiver nanomachines, and the performance of the broadcast channel is analyzed information theoretically. Furthermore, an electrically controllable routing mechanism is proposed exploiting the Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) observed in quantum dots. It is shown that by appropriately selecting the employed molecules on the communicating nanomachines, it is possible to control the route of the information flow by externally applying electric field in FRET-based nanonetworks.