Researcher:
Ruacan, İpek Zeynep

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İpek Zeynep

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Ruacan

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Ruacan, İpek Zeynep

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2018 - 20204

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    Fear, superiority, self-identification and rejection: Turks' different attitudes to Europe since the late Ottoman era
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Department of International Relations; Ruacan, İpek Zeynep; Teaching Faculty; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 238425
    This contribution identifies four Turkish attitudes towards Europe from the late nineteenth century onwards:self-identificationwith Europe,fearof Europe,superiorityover Europe and becominglocal/nationalwhich implies a rejection of Europe. It then links these four attitudes to four types of forgetting the Ottoman past. The main argument is that the peculiar rise of neo-Ottomanism in Turkey today is evidence of a conservative trauma that follows the fourth type of forgetting-a painful and permanent trauma where the conservative cannot achieve closure with the past. The current Turkish government's use of neo-Ottomanism utilizes the superiority over Europe and becoming local/national attitudes especially and attempts to maintain an anachronistic identity as the conservatives in Turkey fail to achieve closure with the Ottoman past.
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    Classical English school theory and the Ottoman/Turk: reimagining an exclusionary eurocentric narrative
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2018) Department of International Relations; Ruacan, İpek Zeynep; Teaching Faculty; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 238425
    This article maintains that the treatment of the Ottoman/Turk in the English School of International relations, as in broader Western scholarship, is Eurocentric and highlights less frequently utilized concepts to restructure our thinking on the Ottomans. In Eurocentric historical narratives, the Ottomans are represented as an abnormal entity or as the very opposite of Europeanness. This peculiar representation anachrÖniştically impacts upon European Union-Turkey relations today as the Europeans conflate the dissolved Ottoman Empire with contemporary Turkey. In an attempt to move forward, I turn to Martin Wight's concepts to recast the Ottomans as a potential European superpower rather than as an abnormality in European life and then to Herbert Butterfield's "academic history" as one way of dissociating the Ottoman past and the Turkish present. Both moves can help reimagine the Ottoman/Turk on more positive and balanced terms.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Beyond the Westphalian rainbow: a dissident theory of supranational systems
    (Taylor _ Francis, 2018) Department of International Relations; Ruacan, İpek Zeynep; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics
    Beyond the Westphalian rainbow: a dissident theory of supranational systems. Territory, Politics, Governance. This article focuses on the work of Adam Watson from the English School of International Relations for two purposes. The first is to highlight the potential it contains for transcending the prejudices imposed upon international relations theory by the anarchy assumption and by the reification of independent statehood. The second and the more specific purpose is to understand the formation of legitimate supranational systems once these prejudices are removed. Watson approaches supranationalism as an extant condition in international society rather than as a deviation from a normal condition of anarchy or independent statehood, and proposes a culturalist and a moralistic framework in which supranational systems can be legitimized. As a case study to determine which framework is more valid, I analysed the convention on the future of Europe and concluded that the moralistic serves better for understanding how the European Union is legitimized. Once juxtaposed with Neo-Weberian historical sociology's insights into the state, Watson's moralistic framework can offer a foundational theory for reconsidering legitimate supranational systems and open up new research agendas in international relations theory.
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    Neo-Weberian historical sociology, the English School and differentiated integration in the EU
    (Taylor _ Francis, 2020) Department of International Relations; Ruacan, İpek Zeynep; Department of International Relations; College of Administrative Sciences and Economics; 238425
    This article explores the contributions of Neo-Weberian historical sociology of the state and the English School of International Relations theory to our understanding of differentiated integration in the European Union. In doing so, it turns to the English School concept of ‘radial empires’ to establish differentiation as a structural feature of all centralized entities in international society such as the European Union. It then turns to the concepts of ‘sociospatial networks of power’ and ‘despotic vs. infrastructural’ forms of state power from the Neo-Weberian literature to discuss why empires function radially. Subsequently, it links vertical differentiation to the interplay between sociospatial networks of power and horizontal differentiation to the interplay between despotic and infrastructural forms of state power in the member states of the European Union. Crucial insights for understanding differentiation can be gained from engagement with these concepts not least for understanding Brexit which links with the United Kingdom’s particularly high infrastructural power.