Researcher:
Araz, Mustafa Okan

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Mustafa Okan

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Araz

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Araz, Mustafa Okan

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    Publication
    Ratio shift keying modulation for time-varying molecular communication channels
    (IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2024) Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Araz, Mustafa Okan; Emirdağı, Ahmet Rasim; Kopuzlu, Mahmut Serkan; Kuşcu, Murat; College of Engineering
    Molecular Communications (MC) is a bio-inspired communication technique that uses molecules to encode and transfer information. Many efforts have been devoted to developing novel modulation techniques for MC based on various distinguishable characteristics of molecules, such as their concentrations or types. In this paper, we investigate a particular modulation scheme called Ratio Shift Keying (RSK), where the information is encoded in the concentration ratio of two different types of molecules. RSK modulation is hypothesized to enable accurate information transfer in dynamic MC scenarios where the time-varying channel characteristics affect both types of molecules equally. To validate this hypothesis, we first conduct an information-theoretical analysis of RSK modulation and derive the capacity of the end-to-end MC channel where the receiver estimates concentration ratio based on ligand-receptor binding statistics in an optimal or suboptimal manner. We then analyze the error performance of RSK modulation in a practical time-varying MC scenario, that is mobile MC, in which both the transmitter and the receiver undergo diffusion-based propagation. Our numerical and analytical results, obtained for varying levels of similarity between the ligand types used for ratio-encoding, and varying number of receptors, show that RSK can significantly outperform the most commonly considered MC modulation technique, concentration shift keying (CSK), in dynamic MC scenarios.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Capacity analysis of molecular communications with ratio shift keying modulation
    (Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2022) Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; Kuşcu, Murat; Kopuzlu, Mahmut Serkan; Araz, Mustafa Okan; Emirdağı, Ahmet Rasim; Teaching Faculty; Master Student; PhD Student; PhD Student; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; College of Engineering; 316349; N/A; N/A; N/A
    Molecular Communications (MC) is a bio-inspired communication technique that uses molecules to encode and transfer information. Many efforts have been focused on developing new modulation techniques for MC by exploiting distinguishable properties of molecules. In this paper, we investigate a particular modulation scheme where the information is encoded into the concentration ratio of two different types of molecules. To evaluate the performance of this so-called Ratio Shift Keying (RSK) modulation, we carry out an information theoretical analysis and derive the capacity of the end-to-end MC channel where the receiver performs ratio estimation based on ligand-receptor binding statistics in an optimal or suboptimal manner. The numerical results, obtained for varying similarity between the ligand types employed for ratio-encoding, and number of receptors, indicate that the RSK can outperform the concentration shift keying (CSK) modulation, the most common technique considered in literature, when the transmitter is power-limited. The results also indicate the potential advantages of RSK over other modulation methods under time-varying channel conditions, when the effects of the dynamic conditions are invariant to the type of the molecules.