Researcher: Şenocak, Lucienne
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Şenocak, Lucienne
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Publication Metadata only Divided spaces, contested pasts: the heritage of the gallipoli peninsula(Taylor and Francis, 2018) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679The Gallipoli peninsula in Turkey was the site of one of the most tragic and memorable battles of the twentieth century, with the Turks fighting the ANZAC (Australian New Zealand Army Corps) and soldiers from fifteen other countries. This book explores the history of its landscape, its people, and its heritage, from the day that the defeated Allied troops of World War One evacuated the peninsula in January 1916 to the present. It examines how the wartime heritage of this region, both tangible and intangible, is currently being redefined by the Turkish state to bring more of a faith-based approach to the secularist narratives about the origins of the country. It provides a timely and fascinating look at what has happened in the last century to a landscape that was devastated and emptied of its inhabitants at the end of World War One, how it recovered, and why this geography continues to be a site of contested heritage. This book will be a key text for scholars of cultural and historical geography, Ottoman and World War One archaeology, architectural history, commemorative and conflict studies, European military history, critical heritage studies, politics, and international relations.Publication Metadata only Archaeology and artifacts of the Gallipoli peninsula(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679Apart from a few years of illegal archaeological excavations in the late nineteenth century by the famed German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann, and brief archaeological campaigns undertaken during and shortly after World War One by the French Expeditionary Forces, the Gallipoli peninsula was effectively off-limits to archaeologists and maintained as a Turkish military zone until 1979. Numerous references to the ancient past and topography of the peninsula can be found in the works of Herodotus, Thucydides, Strabo, Xenophon, and others. These authors describe events that occurred on the peninsula during its Classical and earlier historical eras, but historians, philologists, and archaeologists have tended until quite recently to focus their archival research and conduct their excavations on the better-known sites of the opposite shore, such as Troy or Alexandria Troas. Prior to the French excavations at Elaious, Ottoman laws forbidding the removal of antiquities from the empire had been proposed as early as February 1869.Publication Metadata only Divided spaces, contested pasts the heritage of the Gallipoli Peninsula(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679The Gallipoli peninsula in Turkey was the site of one of the most tragic and memorable battles of the twentieth century, with the Turks fighting the ANZAC (Australian New Zealand Army Corps) and soldiers from fifteen other countries. This book explores the history of its landscape, its people, and its heritage, from the day that the defeated Allied troops of World War One evacuated the peninsula in January 1916 to the present. It examines how the wartime heritage of this region, both tangible and intangible, is currently being redefined by the Turkish state to bring more of a faith-based approach to the secularist narratives about the origins of the country. It provides a timely and fascinating look at what has happened in the last century to a landscape that was devastated and emptied of its inhabitants at the end of World War One, how it recovered, and why this geography continues to be a site of contested heritage. This book will be a key text for scholars of cultural and historical geography, Ottoman and World War One archaeology, architectural history, commemorative and conflict studies, European military history, critical heritage studies, politics, and international relations.Publication Metadata only Moving beyond the walls: the oral history of the Ottoman fortress villages of Seddülbahir and Kumkale(Temple University Press, 2008) Cenker, Işıl Cerem; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679The ruins of the 17th century Ottoman fortresses of Seddülbahir and Kumkale, situated at the Aegean entrance to the Dardanelles, pose a challenge to the official historiographic tradition of the modern Republic of Turkey. The collapsing walls of the two fortresses are concrete reminders to Turkish citizens, who make regular pilgrimages to this region, and to those who live in the adjacent villages, that its history includes more than the famed victories of Turkish troops over the Allied forces during the Gallipoli campaign of World War One. The fortresses were also built with the patronage of a woman, Hadice Turhan Sultan, the mother of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV, to protect the Ottoman Empire’s western frontier from the Venetian navy. Modern Turkish historiography rarely mentions the role of women in the Ottoman past; and when women do appear, they are often described as scheming and opportunist members of the harem whose intrigues contributed to the eventual “decline” of the empire. Hadice Turhan Sultan’s role in developing Seddülbahir and Kumkale thus confounds traditional Turkish historiography. Based on an oral history project I conducted at Seddülbahir and Kumkale, 1999--2002, my presentation will explore how post World War One migrant residents of the villages adjacent to these Ottoman fortresses incorporated their physical reality into a unique historical narrative, one that conflates the Ottoman past of this region with its nationalist and gendered historiography. My presentation will also examine how oral history reveals the disjunctures and complex processes of negotiation that emerge when a strong nationalist historiography confronts residents of an unstable and war-torn region. I will conclude by examining how political changes in Turkey since 2002 and the more religious and conservative agenda of the present day government are shaping a new narrative for the Gallipoli peninsula, its Ottoman and Republican pasts.Publication Metadata only Research of the historical and battlefield archaeology of the Gallipoli Peninsula: the Ottoman Fortress at Seddülbahir(Tuba-Turkish Acad Sciences, 2008) Celik, Rahmi Nurhan; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Aslan, Carolyn Chabot; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 100679The Seddulbahir fortress stands at the end of the Gallipoli peninsula and was built in the 17th century by Hadice Turhan Sultan, the mother of Sultan Mehmed IV, to help protect the entrance to the Dardanelles from Venetian naval invasions. The fortress has been an important Ottoman naval fortification of the western Aegean frontier of the Ottoman Empire; the strategic location of the fortress made it the first point of attack by Allied forces during the Gallipoli campaign of World War I. The deaths of Turkish soldiers there, and the commemorative monument that has been erected at the entrance to the fortress also makes the site an important symbol for the Turkish nation. Today the fortress at Seddulbahir is in a critical state of deterioration. As part of a larger scale project for the conservation, re-usage and presentation of the fortress for visitors, a joint team from Koc University's Archaeology and History of Art Department and Istanbul Technical University's Geodesy and Photogrammetry department have been. investigating the architectural history of the fortress from the 1711 through the 20(th) centuries also considering the nature of the destruction that took places during the bombardments of the site during World War One. In order to do this we are employing a variety of methods to research and document the site. Archaeological excavation is one research strategy that has been conducted during the 2005 and 2006 seasons. Our other main undertaking has been to go through the documents in die archives covering the two centuries concerning the construction and repair activities that took place in the fortress so as to understand the later history of the Seddulbahir castle. Oral testimony from village residents has been collected and used to shed light upon the intangible heritage of the region and the past memories as well as the present concerns of residents who currently live at the historical site. Finally, new technology such as 3D laser scanning has been used to insure that an extremely accurate set of measurements exists for long term conservation monitoring of the structural changes that may occur at the fortress, and to help in presenting accurate virtual representations of the many stages of Seddulbahir's past.Publication Metadata only Understanding archaeology and architecture through archival records: the restoration project of the ottoman fortress of Seddülbahir on the Gallipoli peninsula of Turkey(Oxford University Press, 2012) Çelik, Rahmi Nurhan; Özsavaşçı, Arzu; Tanyeli, Gülsün; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679The Ottoman fortress of Seddülbahir on the European shores of the Dardanelles and Kumkale, its sister fortress on the opposite side of the Straits, were both built in 1658 by Hadice Turhan Sultan, the queen mother or valide sultan of Sultan Mehmed IV. The Seddülbahir restoration project illustrates that the type of information that can be extracted from the Ottoman building and repair records is invaluable for guiding decisions concerning potential excavation sites. Along with the non-invasive techniques that are increasingly a part of pre-excavation archaeological planning, a thorough investigation of the extant physical remains, and the visual records provided in engravings and other representational sources, an examination of the building and repair records in the Ottoman archives should be standard methodological practice for any Ottoman era archaeological or restoration project.Publication Metadata only The future of the Gallipoli peninsula Towards 2023(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679A powerful narrative inscribed onto the landscape of Gallipoli has been shaped by the post-WWI secularist citizens of Turkey, and has focused on the important role played in the battles by the nation's founder Mustafa Kemal Pasha: Ataturk. Proponents of this narrative associate the landscape of Gallipoli primarily with the heroism and tenacity demonstrated by the nation's founder, a key military figure in the Gallipoli battles. Depending on national, political, and religious orientations, visitors to the Gallipoli peninsula follow different routes through the landscape. The itineraries of non-Turkish tourists typically highlight the iconic moments and places experienced on the peninsula by the Allied troops, and/or the Commonwealth and War Graves Commissions' tidy cemeteries and commemorative monuments. The Legend of Gallipoli was part of a much larger project, initiated in 2005 by the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs to develop the touristic infrastructure of the Gallipoli peninsula.Publication Metadata only Commemoration begins for the Ottoman martyrs(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679The Mehmet Cavus Monument had originally been built in 1915 by Commander Mehmet Sefik Aker at the site of Cesarettepe to honor sixty of the Ottoman soldiers who had been killed there in his 19th Division. The less organized commemoration of Ottoman troops who died or were wounded at Gallipoli, when compared to the more systematic efforts undertaken by the Allied countries to bury and commemorate their Gallipoli dead immediately after the war ended, has been noted in many studies of the campaign. In the late Ottoman Empire, prior to World War One, there were very few state-commissioned public monuments to commemorate collectively those who died fighting for the sultan. Stylistic and iconographic choices made by most architects of the earliest commemorative Ottoman monuments generally followed the architectural trends for commemorative monuments in Europe, which was itself quite traditional in the 1920s.Publication Metadata only Cultural landscapes of the Gallipoli peninsula(Routledge, 2019) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679Among the Gallipoli peninsula's many layers of cultural landscapes, the one which existed between 1914 and 1916 can be considered as a specific type of heritage: the battlefield terrain. As a cultural landscape, the Gallipoli peninsula has been shaped by centuries of continual interaction between humans and the terrain. The battlefield landscape of Gallipoli is one phase among many of the relationships that humans have had with this region. Many of the late nineteenth century Ottoman cartographers who mapped the peninsula were trained by the French in Paris, and then in Istanbul where they helped to establish the Military Mapping Department in the Ottoman Empire in 1895. In addition to the French, the British were also actively involved in the mapping of the Dardanelles and the Gallipoli peninsula as part of their military reconnaissance in the Ottoman Empire.Publication Metadata only Ottoman women builders: the architectural patronage of Hadice Turhan Sultan(Taylor and Francis, 2017) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Şenocak, Lucienne; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 100679Examined here is the historical figure and architectural patronage of Hadice Turhan Sultan, the young mother of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV, who for most of the latter half of the seventeenth century shaped the political and cultural agenda of the Ottoman court. Captured in Russia at the age of twelve, she first served the reigning sultan's mother in Istanbul. She gradually rose through the ranks of the Ottoman harem, bore a male child to Sultan Ibrahim, and came to power as a valide sultan, or queen mother, in 1648. It was through her generous patronage of architectural works-including a large mosque, a tomb, a market complex in the city of Istanbul and two fortresses at the entrance to the Dardanelles-that she legitimated her new political authority as a valide and then attempted to support that of her son. Central to this narrative is the question of how architecture was used by an imperial woman of the Ottoman court who, because of customary and religious restrictions, was unable to present her physical self before her subjects' gaze. In lieu of displaying an iconic image of herself, as Queen Elizabeth and Catherine de Medici were able to do, Turhan Sultan expressed her political authority and religious piety through the works of architecture she commissioned. Traditionally historians have portrayed the role of seventeenth-century royal Ottoman women in the politics of the empire as negative and de-stabilizing. But Thys-Senocak, through her examination of these architectural works as concrete expressions of legitimate power and piety, shows the traditional framework to be both sexist and based on an outdated paradigm of decline. Thys-Senocak's research on Hadice Turhan Sultan's two Ottoman fortresses of Seddãlbahir and Kumkale improves in a significant way our understanding of early modern fortifications in the eastern Mediterranean region and will spark further research on many of the Ottoman fortifications built in the area. Plans and elevations of the fortresses are published and analysed here for the first time. Based on archival research, including letters written by the queen mother, many of which are published here for the first time, and archaeological fieldwork, her work is also informed by recent theoretical debates in the fields of art history, cultural history and gender studies.