Researcher:
Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke

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Christina Marie Luke

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Roosevelt

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Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke

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2015 - 2019162020 - 20225

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    Developing Petra: UNESCO, the World Bank, and America in the desert
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021) Meskell, Lynn; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235112
    This article charts the nascent development agendas for archaeological heritage and tourism at Petra in Jordan. We begin with the early internationalism of UNESCO and its participation programme for Petra followed by the restructuring of American foreign policy interests to embed heritage tourism within USAID projects. A technocratic tourism-as-assistance model galvanised USAID and the World Bank’s interest in Petra, as it did the CIA, the American Schools of Oriental Research, the US National Park Service, and Jordan’s Department of Antiquities. Thus, we reveal how saving Petra was underwritten by an increasing American vigilance in the Middle East. Unlike the educational and humanitarian components of the United Nations programme, the USAID and World Bank initiatives at Petra were almost exclusively directed toward tourism development, generating hard-currency revenue, monetising the Nabataean ruins, and sowing the seeds of predatory capitalism. Our longitudinal study reveals that what has been sustained at Petra is not the preservation of heritage, nor support for local communities, but rather an overburden of international bureaucracy and consultancy culture.
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    A Middle and Late Bronze Age site in the Gediz Valley: Kaymakçı
    (Ege Yayınları, 2018) Ünlüsoy, Sinan; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235115; 235112
    Kaymakçı is a fortified Middle and Late Bronze Age site situated in the middle Gediz Valley in the prov- ince of Manisa in western Anatolia. Kaymakçı consists of an 8.6 ha citadel, dispersed extramural settle- ment, and a cemetery, among other features. The site was first discovered in 2001 and then studied non- invasively from 2006 on by the Central Lydia Archaeological Survey (CLAS). It was the largest site of its period in the Gediz Valley and is recognized as a significant regional capital during the Late Bronze Age. Excavations at Kaymakçı promise gains in understanding for both the scientific knowledge of second- millennium BCE central western Anatolia and its links to the Aegean and Anatolian worlds. This article discusses the results of excavations conducted at Kaymakçı between 2014 and 2016 by the Kaymakçı Archaeological Project. The excavations are concentrated in three broad areas that show differences in topography as well as spatial and architectural layout: “The Southern Terrace,” “The Inner Citadel and Surrounding Slope,” and “The Northern Fortifications,” The focus of the article is the architectural remains exposed in these areas and what they say about the general layout of the Bronze Age settlement at Kaymakçı / Kaymakçı Manisa İl sınırları içerisinde Orta Gediz Vadisinde bulunan tahkimli bir Orta ve Geç TunçÇağı yerleşmesidir. Kaymakçı yaklaşık 8.6 hektarlık bir alanı kapsayan kale içi yerleşmesi, bunun dışındadağınık bir sur dışı yerleşmesi ve mezarlık alanından oluşmaktadır. Yerleşme ilk olarak 2001 yılında keş-fedilmiş ve 2006 yılından itibaren ise Merkezi Lidya Arkeolojik Yüzey Araştırmaları (CLAS) kapsamındaaraştırılmıştır. Döneminin Gediz vadisindeki en büyük yerleşmesi olan Kaymakçı önemli bir bölgeselbaşkent olarak yorumlanmaktadır. Kaymakçı’da yürütülen kazı çalışmaları MÖ 2. binyılda Batı Anadoluhakkında bilimsel bilgilerimizi arttırmasının yanı sıra bu bölgenin Ege ve Anadolu’nun diğer yöreleriile olan bağlantılarını açığa çıkarma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu makalede 2014 ve 2016 yılları arasın-da Kaymakçı’da gerçekleştirilen kazı çalışmalarının sonuçları tartışılmaktadır. Kazılar hem topoğrafikhem de mimari ve yerleşim düzeni açısından farklılıklar gösteren üç ayrı alanda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bualanlar “Güney Teras”, “İç Kale ve Çevresi” ve “Kuzey Savunma Sistemi” olarak adlandırılmaktadırlar.Makale genel anlamda bu alanlarda açığa çıkarılan mimari kalıntılar ve bunların Kaymakçı’daki TunçÇağı yerleşmesinin düzeni hakkında sunduğu ipuçlarına odaklanmaktadır.
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    Of networks and knives: a bronze knife with herringbone decoration from the citadel of Kaymakçı (Manisa IU/TR)
    (Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, 2019) Pieniazek, Magda; Pavúk, Peter; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235115; 235112
    During the first season of excavations in 2014 at the Late Bronze Age site of Kaymakci, a bronze knife with an unusually decorated handle was found. Kaymakci is a recently discovered citadel located c. 100 km east of the Aegean coast in the Gediz Valley and is one of the few excavated sites from interior western Anatolia. The knife was recovered in the tower-like structure attached to the fortifications at the northwestern extent of the citadel. It belongs to a small group of solid-hilted knives (Sandars Class 4) known until recently only from elite graves and ritual contexts in the Peloponnese, Crete, Psara, and Troy. The knife shares decorative ribbing, a solid bronze knob at the end of its handle, and some other features with its Aegean counterparts. However, the geometric style of its decoration, such as the central herringbone-pattern, is unparalleled among Minoan and Mycenaean art, corresponding instead with geometric designs known from other western Anatolian finds. Therefore, the herringbone knife from Kaymakci, most probably the property of a member of the western Anatolian elite, is an outcome of the fusion of Aegean and western Anatolian traditions. Simultaneously, it is one of the first known examples of a local ornamental style, still poorly known due to the state of research in interior western Anatolia.
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    Composing communities: chalcolithic through Iron age survey ceramics in the Marmara Lake basin, western Turkey
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2015) Çilingiroğlu, Çiler; Department of Archeology and History of Art; N/A; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Cobb, Peter J.; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Researcher; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED); College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; N/A; 235112; 235115; N/A
    Diachronic survey in the Marmara Lake basin of western Turkey confirms long-term settlement activity from the 5th millennium B. C. to the present. Here we present the results from a study of ceramics and settlement distribution pertaining to the Chalcolithic through the Iron Age periods (ca. 5th/4th-1st millennium B. C.). Our dataset confirms the value of a multi-pronged approach when establishing ceramic typologies from survey datasets, incorporating distribution in the landscape with macroscopic, microscopic (petrographic), and chemical (Instrumental Neutron Activation) analyses. Our results offer valuable insights into continuity as well as change of ceramic recipes in western Anatolia during the rise of urbanism in the Middle to Late Bronze Age followed by the establishment of an imperial realm in the Iron Age. From a methodological perspective, our results illustrate the value of macroscopic and chemical approaches, including principal component, distribution, density, and discriminant analyses that can be refined further by petrography, for the interpretation of surface survey ceramics.
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    Ancient DNA (aDNA) extraction and amplification from 3500-year-old charred economic crop seeds from Kaymakçı in western Turkey: comparative sequence analysis using the 26s rDNA gene
    (Springer, 2019) Çiftçi, Asiye; Değirmenci, Funda O.; Marston, John M.; Kaya, Zeki; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235112; 235115
    Ancient DNA (aDNA) from 3500-4000years old seeds of Triticum aestivum L. or Triticum durum Dest., Vicia ervillia (L) Willd., Cicer arietinum L. and Vitis vinifera L. excavated from the archaeological site of Kaymakc was successfully extracted using various isolation methods. The genomic DNA of each species was amplified with respect to the26S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene further using the aDNA of the seeds. The reasons for successful DNA extraction and amplification are likely due to (1) preservation of certainancient seed specimens in good conditions and (2) use of improved DNA extraction and amplification methods. The results indicate that all seeds were identified correctly by the DNA sequence data from the 26S rDNA gene. Specifically, amorphologically unidentified wheat seed from Kaymakc was characterized by DNA sequence data as bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Comparative sequence analysis revealed that specific base positions in the ancient 26S rDNA gene were either lost or substituted with different DNA bases in contemporary seeds, most likely due to continued domestication and breeding activities. Attaining high amounts and a good quality of amplified genomic DNA from ancient seeds will further allow the investigation of the extent of genetic change between ancient seeds and their contemporary species in genetic diversity studies.
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    UNESCO-UNDP tourism and security in Cold War Turkey and Iran
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) N/A; Department of Archeology and History of Art; N/A; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Leeson, Madison; Faculty Member; PhD Student; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235112; N/A
    In the mid 1960s, UNESCO took on tourism development initiatives in both Turkey and Iran that were financed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The projects focused on restoration of historic zones to improve capacity for rural tourism, including concerts and festivals. These were Cold War efforts intended to sway hearts and minds in the countryside that built on earlier industrialization and concurrent militarization schemes. In Turkey, one modest 1965 initiative at Side paved the way for the South Antalya Tourism Infrastructure Project, a 1976 loan for $46.2 million from the World Bank. In Iran, $4 million resulted in the first UNESCO-UNDP tourism program of its kind to link an international tourism agenda with a country's national development plan: a UNESCO corridor from Tabriz to Shiraz. Drawing from archives at UNESCO and the World Bank, we explore how these initial UNESCO-UNDP tourism programs offered a further buffer for the west to both Soviet and Arab spheres of influence. Through this lens, we argue that tourism development became a way that Turkey and Iran as well as UNESCO, UNDP, and the World Bank became entangled in and benefitted from Cold War security.
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    Introduction: the power of place at the U.S. overseas research centers, heritage diplomacy, and archaeology
    (Penn State University Press, 2018) Kersel, Morag M.; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235112
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    New deals for the past: The Cold War, American archaeology, and UNESCO in Egypt and Syria
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd) Meskell, Lynn; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235112
    From the 1930s to the late 1970s, American archaeologists pursued a paired agenda of science and salvage such that their focus on logical positivism converged with US foreign policy towards international technical assistance. River basin salvage archaeology, pioneered in the US by the Tennessee Valley Authority and exported to the Middle East in the 1950s, was a prime example of American Cold War techno-politics that accompanied other international aid and technical assistance programmes. Amphitheaters of archaeology along the Nile and Euphrates were fertile testing grounds for the development of what became known as the 'New Archaeology', but also new deals, new science, infrastructure, and agriculture within a Cold War setting, so that monumental heritage and dam projects became flashpoints between American visions for the Middle East and attempts by UNESCO to maintain the spirit of internationalism.
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    Archaeo-tectural translations: new roles for the field architect
    (Routledge, 2018) Frank, Tim; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235112; 235115
    This article examines the field architect’s evolving role in interdisciplinary archaeology projects when equipped with new technologies for reconstructing ancient history. The research analyzes how digital technologies facilitate the architect’s extrapolation of embedded knowledge from archaeological datasets, especially those contained in a shared interoperable modeling domain, to enhance understanding of ancient building traditions. The outcomes from this research illuminate how people in the second millennium BCE lived and engaged with the environment through constructed systems, offering new technology-enhanced methods to reveal the architectural knowledge that resides within archaeological sites.
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    The story of a forgotten kingdom? survey archaeology and the historical geography of central western Anatolia in the second millennium BC
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2017) Department of Archeology and History of Art; Department of Archeology and History of Art; Roosevelt, Christopher Havemeyer; Roosevelt, Christina Marie Luke; Faculty Member; Faculty Member; Department of Archeology and History of Art; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; College of Social Sciences and Humanities; 235115; 235112
    This article presents previously unknown archaeological evidence of a mid-second-millennium BC kingdom located in central western Anatolia. Discovered during the work of the Central Lydia Archaeological Survey in the Marmara Lake basin of the Gediz Valley in western Turkey, the material evidence appears to correlate well with text-based reconstructions of Late Bronze Age historical geography drawn from Hittite archives. One site in particular—Kaymakçı—stands out as a regional capital and the results of the systematic archaeological survey allow for an understanding of local settlement patterns, moving beyond traditional correlations between historical geography and capital sites alone. Comparison with contemporary sites in central western Anatolia, furthermore, identifies material commonalities in site forms that may indicate a regional architectural tradition if not just influence from Hittite hegemony.